Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The effect of the pelvis position in the sagittal plane on loads in the human musculoskeletal system

Michnik Robert, Zadoń Hanna, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna, Myśliwiec Andrzej, Mitas Andrzej W.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2020

|

Vol. 22, no. 3

33--42

EN

Purpose: The research work aimed to perform the mathematical modelling-based assessment concerning the effect of the position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane on loads present in the musculoskeletal system in the standing position. Methods: The analysis of the effect of various positions of the pelvis was performed using the Free Posture Model in the AnyBody Modeling System software. Simulated positions involving various values of pelvis inclination ranged from the extreme pelvic retroposition (–7°) through normative values (0–23°) to the extreme pelvic anteversion (33°). Results: The lowest resultant reaction forces in the intervertebral joints recorded for an angle of inclination restricted within the range of 9–27° and segment L5–S1 amounted to less than 0.7 BW. A change in the pelvic inclination from the normative values towards retroposition or anteversion resulted in the increased muscular activity of the erector spinae, transverse abdominal muscles as well as internal and external oblique muscles. Regarding the lower limbs, changes in the activity were observed in the biceps femoris muscle, iliac muscle, gluteus minimus, gluteus medius and the gluteus maximus. Conclusion: The results obtained in the research-related tests confirmed that the pelvic inclination affects loads present in the musculoskeletal system. The abovenamed results will be used to develop therapeutic exercises aimed to reduce loads present in the musculoskeletal system. The aforesaid exercises will be used to teach participants how to properly position their pelvis and how to activate individual groups of muscles.

2

Gait Kinematics Index, Global Symmetry Index and Gait Deviations Profile: Concept of a new comprehensive method of gait pathology evaluation

Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Zadoń Hanna, Wolny Sabina, Gzik Marek, Gorwa Joanna, Michnik Robert

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2020

|

Vol. 22, no. 4

61--73

EN

The objective of the work was to define a new comprehensive method of evaluating gait pathology (Gait Kinematics Index, Global Symmetry Index and Gait Deviations Profile). Methods: The article presents in detail a mathematical algorithm of a new comprehensive method of evaluating gait pathology. Input data for the algorithm are the kinematic parameters of gait. The method is based on the determination of the following parameters: standardized angular variables (Wji), kinematic indicators of gait (KIj), gait cycle indicators (GCIi), Gait Kinematic Index (GKI), Gait Deviations Profile (GDP, GDPj), Global Symmetry Index (GSI) and Symmetry Indices (SIj) for kinematic gait values. The algorithm is based on the determination of the difference between results obtained in relation to the kinematics of movement of a given patient and the average value obtained in relation to the standard in each percentage of a gait cycle. The proposed method was tested using results obtained for 59 healthy persons and one patient with locomotor function disorder. Results: The GKI values for the reference group amounted to 0.89 ± 0.23. Information which can be obtained using the proposed gait assessment method was presented using an example of a patient with the disorder of locomotor functions. Areas of gait deviations, which were identified on the basis of the determined indicators, were presented in a graphic form using GDP. Conclusions: The new gait assessment method makes it possible to identify gait using a single numerical value, evaluate movements in individual joints and in subsequent moments as well as to assess the symmetry of gait.

3

Ocena biomechaniczna z wykorzystaniem sprzętu ortopedycznego

Łatacz Mateusz, Iwaśko Aleksandra, Nowakowska Katarzyna, Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna, Wolański Wojciech

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2019

|

z. 17

43--50

PL

Dotychczasowe badania z wykorzystaniem sprzętu ortopedycznego, takiego jak ortezy czy gorsety, miały na celu sprawdzenie ich efektywności działania po danym okresie użytkowania. Dostępnie dzisiaj metody zapewniają szersze spektrum możliwości oceny biomechanicznej. Niniejsze opracowanie opisuje próbę stworzenia metodyki badań, która pozwoli określić prawidłowe funkcjonowanie sprzętu ortopedycznego na etapie użytkowania.

EN

Most of nowadays research focus on effectiveness of the orthopedic equipment. Development of technology and available methods provide wider spectrum of abilities of orthopedic equipment's biomechanical assessment. This paper presents attempt to evolve methods that will allow to determine proper functionality of orthopaedic equipment.

4

Analiza biomechaniczna chodu weterana wojennego – analiza przypadku

Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna, Mikuła Barbara, Wolański Wojciech, Gzik Marek, Michnik Robert

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

|

2019

|

z. 18

29--37

PL

W pracy dokonano oceny biomechanicznej funkcji lokomocyjnych weterana wojennego. Uzyskane dla weterana wojennego wyniki ilościowej analizy chodu porównano z wartościami otrzymanymi dla grupy 56 zdrowych osób dorosłych, bez zaburzeń w obrębie narządu ruchu. Badania doświadczalne przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem systemu optoelektronicznego BTS Smart. Analizie porównawczej poddano parametry czasowo-przestrzenne i kinematyczne chodu oraz zmiany energii całkowitej, potencjalnej, wypadkowej energii kinetycznej w czasie chodu. Uzyskane dla weterana wojennego wyniki znacznie odbiegały od wartości/zakresów normatywnych, wskazując na znaczne obrażenia aparatu ruch, które poniósł podczas wybuchu improwizowanego urządzenia wybuchowego.

EN

In the work the biomechanical evaluation of locomotion functions of a war veteran was made. The results of the quantitative gait analysis obtained for a war veteran were compared with the values obtained for a group of 56 healthy adults without locomotor disorders. Experimental studies were carried out using the BTS Smart optoelectronic system. The spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters of gait as well as changes in total energy, potential energy, kinetic energy and its components during gait were subjected to comparative analysis. The results obtained for a war veteran differed significantly from normative values / ranges, indicating significant injuries to the apparatus, which he suffered during the explosion of the improvised explosive device.

5

Is it possible to reduce loads of the locomotor system during the landing phase of dance figures? Biomechanical analysis of the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné

Gorwa Joanna, Michnik Robert, Nowakowska-Lipiec Katarzyna, Jurkojć Jacek, Jochymczyk-Woźniak Katarzyna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2019

|

Vol. 21, no. 4

111--121

EN

The objective of the work was to determine biomechanical parameters influencing loads affecting the musculoskeletal system and shock absorption during the landing phase in Grand Jeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné. Methods: Motion kinematics measurements of the landing phase in GrandJeté, Entrelacé and Ballonné were carried out using the optical APAS system, and measurements of the GRF components – using Kistler platform. The research was carried out for three professional dancers. Kinematic and kinetic parameters of the landing were analysed. Results: The mean maximum GRF value in relation to the classical dancer amounted to 8.16 ± 1.37 N/BW. During landing, the joints of the lower limb are affected by external force moments of high values (ankle – 3.04 ± 0.54 [Nm/BW], knee – 7.56 ± 5.53 [Nm/BW], hip – 10.97 ± 6.80 [Nm/BW]). The maximum value of the external force moments in the joint were strongly negatively correlated with the value of the angle in the hip joint at the moment of the first contact with the ground. It was noticed that the obtainment of maxGRF was preceded by a decrease in kinetic energy of approximately 50%. Conclusions: Factors affecting loads present in the musculoskeletal system during the shock absorption of a leap are: GRF values, the values of external force generated inside the joints and a change in the value of kinetic energy. The safe shock absorption after landing is influenced by properly positioned limb at the moment of the first contact, a greater range of movements in the joints and longer time from the moment of the first contact to the obtainment of maxGRF.