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Nauka o surowcach kołem zamachowym chińskiej gospodarki

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 7

417--418

EN

The demandfor important raw materials for the Chinese economy achieved the scale about the half of the world's demand. Investment decisions taken in this matter enable a complete identification of mineral deposits, which is significant for both domestic and foreign investments. Geological studies and prospecting for useful ore mineral deposits have been conducted by special research institutions that prepare information about their reserves and output profitability. The University of Geological Studies in Beijing, with about 40,000 students, plays a key role in this activity. For example, a development of both reforms in extracting bituminous coal and gold deposits was discussed.

2

Sukcesy i porażki polityki surowcowej

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

154--155

EN

Thework on “National raw materials policy” as a separate Government document is carried out in order to achieve the economic effects of the exploitation of domestic mineral resources. Other countries adapt such policies to the general national policy. Its creators in those countries are independent scientific and business communities of national and global importance. An example of the creation of such a policy is Robert Friedland’s geological exploration school in Canada. It is successful on both a national and global scale. Its essence is not a rigid document , but the mobilization of the mos ttalented people in this sector, which are focuse daround a political scientist,who is familiar not only with the geology, but also has knowledge about people of thi sprofession.Only this kind of policy could be comparably successful to the post-war “Polish geological school” that was organized on a basis of similar principles as that in Canada.

3

Polska polityka surowcowa za granicą

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

87--88

EN

The Polish expansion in mineral exploration is going to start with Africa. This is expressed in Government documents. Such direction is obviously welcome, but is not the most important. Chinese competitiveness in that continent is insurmountable. The Polish science was most successful in this field in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Siberia. Its achievements have been appreciated there until today, independently of political turmoil in Polish-Russian relations. This direction of the policy in mineral exploration is the most promising because this is where the world economy and policies are currently targeted. A weakness of both these options is the lack of commonly available knowledge about both Africa and Siberia, and about other areas of our interests in raw materials around the world. This should be a starting point to a debate about the Polish policy in mineral exploration abroad.

4

KGHM : ziemia się trzęsie…

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 1

21--22

EN

The rock burst that occurred on November 29, 2016, in the "Rudna” copper mine has had tragic consequences. Eight miners were killed in the heavy machinery compartment located in the safest area of the safety pillar. This is not the first accident of its kind. It was caused by the collapse of the overlying anhydrite layer that is approximately 200 m thick in this region. The mining operation is based on the room and pillar system that results in stress accumulation within the anhydrite layer, which, at some time, causes a rock burst. The best method to prevent this phenomenon is the use of backfill. The entire mined surface of a deposit is greater than 100 square kilometres. Such amounts of sands are not stored within the mines. It is therefore necessary to carry out operations to adapt more than 1 billion tonnes of tailings accumulated in the "Żelazny Most” reservoir to the needs of backfilling of mine workings. The widespread use of hardened backfill should prevent such great rock bursts in copper mines.

5

Trudna przyszłość KGHM Polska Miedź S.A

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 4

215--217

EN

The paper presents the plight of KGHM Polska Miedź SA due to by the fall in copper prices on global stock markets. It has been noted that these prices apply to smelting copper. Meanwhile, the copper is in increasing quantities supplied to China in the form of concentrates. This causes a drop in prices of smelting copper which becomes less popular. Statistics since 2012 have recorded a permanent surplus of consumption over production of this metal. Therefore, the price of smelting copper will probably be at low level over the next years. It poses a threat for the future existence of the company. The exploitation of new deposits is conducted at a depth of below 1200 m. The rock temperature is about 55°C, which creates technical and financial problems. Mining work is carried out along the dip of the deposit at increasingly greater depths. In this direction, 10 km away, there is the “Wilków” natural gas field. It is proposed to undertake diversification of mining activities. Gold mining seems to be the prospective activity. Its economic concentrations occur in the mines of the KGHM, in the Lower Silesia region and abroad. Likewise, the company can achieve positive effects in investments related to the mining of diamonds.

6

Nowa szansa Starego Zagłębia Miedziowego

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 5

312--314

EN

The paper presents a brief history of the origin and development of the “Konrad” copper mine located in the Grodziec Basin near Boles³awiec. Analysis of the decision on its close down in 1987 is provided. A two-page document stated that the former mine had been “permanently unprofitable”, without relying on the documents and facts in this case. Studies justifying this decision arose only several years later in a completely different economic situation. The mine sinking process was described. It encountered unforeseen problems with the simultaneous close down of a prosperous source of drinking water for the nearby villages. Currently, many professional communities and local governments put foreward proposals for the re-running operation on the deposit. The direct cause of this type of applications is the former foreign failure of the mine’s owner, which previously was Kombinat Górniczo- Hutniczy Miedzi in Lubin and currently KGHM Polska Miedź SA. A justification for this kind of concept is that the copper content in domestic deposits is several times greater than in the deposits purchased in the US, Canada and Chile.

7

Globalna rola KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 6

369--372

EN

Since 1989, KGHM Polish Copper SA has become increasingly open to the world market for raw materials. In 1992, the Asacro Company from the US is trying to take over the KGHM PM SA. This is prevented by a strike of miners and steelworkers of this company,lasting 32 days. Since then, no attempts have been made to take over the company. Foreign investors are effectively deterred by one of the world’s highest production costs of copper – 1.82 USD/lb Cu. The cost of production of one ton of Cu had been 5227 USD by 2015. One of the reasons is an inefficient mode of mining. The start of mining from the uppermost part of the deposit means that some parts of the deposit cannot be, because it creates a threat to the sections operatingat lower levels. Similarly, mining works conducting from the wells to the boundaries of the deposit causesthe necessity to move to new areas of exploitation across already exploited parts of the deposit. It is proposed to eliminate these difficulties by directing the mining extraction process using an electronic control system that allows obtaining immediately the desired changes. The example of the Robert Friedman’s school of prospecting for new copper ore deposits, it is recommended to restoret he Polish school of prospecting for deposits, this time on a global scale for the needs of the KGHM Polish Copper SA and the Polish mining industry.

8

Chińska polityka surowcowa

Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 10

789--790

EN

Our increasing economic relations with China provide an opportunity to compare raw materials economies in both countries. They are completely different. A modern form of raw materials management in China is based on scientific analyses of universities and research institutes which, at their own initiative, submit their proposals to the Chinese Government. They are numerous in every issue, and even conflicting as regards the methods, conclusions and purposes. The Government selects the best options, providing broad and comprehensive justification for each of them. This method has brought to China a worldwide investment success in raw materials economy. If we want to cooperate with China in thisfield, it is worthwhile to take advantage of its experience in this matter.

9

On the evolution of migrating population with two competing species

Magdoń-Maksymowicz M., Maksymowicz A.

Computer Science

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2013

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Vol. 14 (4)

615--627

EN

A computer experiment study of population evolution and its dynamics is presented for two competing species (A and B) which share two habitats (1 and 2) of a limited environmental capacity. The Penna model of biological aging, based on the concept of defective mutation accumulation, was adopted for migrating population. In this paper, we assume and concentrate on the case when only one species (A) is mobile. For isolated habitats and for any initial population, we get at equilibrium spatial population distribution (A, B) in which A occupies location ’1’ only, while B-species is the ultimate winner in ’2’. This is achieved by suitable choice of model parameters so habitat ’1’ is more attractive for species ’A’ while location ’2’ is more advantageous to ’B’. However, population distribution begins to differ when migration between habitats is allowed. Initially stable distribution (A, B), becomes (A, A&B) with a mixed stationary population in location ’2’. For a higher migration rate, initial (A, B) distribution goes to (A, A) distribution, in which A species is dominant also in a less friendly habitat ’2’. However, a further increase in migration rate brings sequence (A, B)b(B, B). In short, for sufficiently high mobility of A-species, they eliminate themselves. Other scenarios not discussed here were also studied. They offer a rich variety of different sequences of population distribution regarding their size as well as other characteristics.

10

Pierwiastki śladowe w pyłach tuneli drogowych na terenie Warszawy

Bojakowska I., Duszyński J., Jaroń I., Karmasz D., Kucharzyk J., Maksymowicz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 12

1069-1069

EN

The contents of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, V and Zn in road dust samples taken from the inside of seven road tunnels in the area ofWarsaw by ICP-OES technique were quantified. These deposits are characterized by high content of copper (ranging from 44 to387 mg/kg) and contents of chromium (15–36 mg/kg), nickel (9–17 mg/kg), lead (19–37 mg/kg) and zinc (101–258 mg/kg) increased in comparison to those typical of soils in the Polish Lowlands. In turn, the examined dust samples contain cadmium, cobalt and vanadium in concentrations close to the average for soils in this region.

11

Natural radiation and its hazard in copper ore mines in Poland

Chau N. D., Jodłowski P., Kalita S. J., Olko P., Chruściel E., Maksymowicz A., Waligórski M., Bilski P., Budzanowski M.

Acta Geophysica

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2008

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Vol. 56, no. 2

505-517

EN

The doses of gamma radiation, concentrations of radium isotopes in water and sediments, radon concentration and concentration of alpha potential energy of radon decay products in the copper ore mine and in the mining region in the vicinity of Lubin town in Poland are presented. These data served as a basis for the assessment of radiological hazard to the mine workers and general public. The results of this assessment indicate that radiological hazard in the region does not differ substantially from typical values associated with natural radiation background. The calculated average annual effective dose for copper miners is 1.48 mSv. In general, copper ore mines can be regarded as radiologically safe workplaces.

12

Oznaczanie parametrów sumarycznych oraz azotu azotanowego – w próbkach wód i ścieków przy zastosowaniu analizatora Pastel UV

Jakimowicz-Hnatyszak K., Maksymowicz A.

Analityka : nauka i praktyka

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2004

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nr 2

26-30

PL

Istotnym wskaźnikiem w ocenie jakości wód naturalnych jest ogólna zawartość substancji organicznych występujących w wodach.

13

On the influence of chemical order on magnetostriction

Magdoń M., Maksymowicz A.

Electron Technology

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1998

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Vol. 31, No. 1

33-37

EN

To study short range atomic order, we basically need two-site properties. Anisotropic hopping term in band models seems to be a natural candidate for such two-ion contributions to magnetostriction λ. Then degree of atomic order may be defined in terms of ordering parameter. A simple band model, based on a Hamiltonian with anisotropic hopping integrals, was employed for calculation of the linear magnetostriction λ and investigation the influence of chemical order on λ. Two kinds of short range atomic order were disscussed in details and compared with experimental data: directional ordering of pairs of atoms and atomic order. We conclude that the anisotropic hopping may be responsible for the observed strucural dependence of magnetostriction.