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Czwartorzęd Zatoki Pomorskiej i perspektywy surowcowe

Kramarska R., Jegliński W., Kaulbarsz D., Pączek U., Przezdziecki P., Bojakowska I., Koszka-Maroń D., Relisko-Rybak J., Uścinowicz Sz.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 8

552--563

EN

This paper summarizes four years of geological research in the Pomerania Bay and Oder Bank. As a result of the synthesis of new and archival data,we have compiled maps, cross-sections and models depicting the geological structure of the Quaternary and its basement, and the relief of structural surfaces. Two main seismostratigraphic sedimentary complexes are distinguished. The first corresponds to Pleistocene glacial and interstadial deposits. The second one is composed of Late Glacial and Holocene lacustrine-swamp and marine sediments. The outline of geochemical condition of the sea bottom is also presented. The content of the elements is always below the acceptable concentration and the origin of the elements is geogenic. Special attention has been given to mineral resources on the bottom surface and to documenting deposits of sand containing heavy minerals. The characterization of areas with sands suitable for beach nourishment and valorization of deposits and prospective areas have also been of great importance. The history of the development of the geological structure and palaeogeography of the area is the summary of the results.

2

Prussian geological maps of Northern Poland in the archives of the Polish Geological Institute and their current application in geology

Małka A., Jegliński W., Relisko-Rybak J.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2016

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Vol. 48, No. 4

185--196

EN

The article characterizes first general geological (lithological-stratigraphical) maps presenting Quaternary deposits in Northern Poland. These were the maps of territory of the Prussian partition, elaborated by German geologists from Prussian Geological Survey “Königlich Preussische Geologische Landesanstalt”. After Poland regained its independence they became a basis for many Polish geological publications. The article discusses the chronology and objectives of the main cartographic works of German geologists operating in the area of present-day Northern Poland (general and detailed geological maps) and briefly presents the methodology of geological mapping of lowlands at the scale of 1:25,000. The authors present initial results of the sheet inventory of the Prussian geological map at the scale of 1:25,000 owned by the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI–NRI). Quick search of Prussian map sheets is enabled with the created GIS data base which contains basic information about sheets, i.e. map title, year, author/authors, sheet title and topographic map designation. The applied relations between data and their spatial reference make it possible to dynamically generate section map and perform spatial analyses of any type. The multiuser geodatabase was created using ESRI and Oracle technologies. Until now the inventory covered the sheets available in the archives of the Marine Geology Branch of PGI–NRI in Gdańsk and the Pomeranian Branch of PGI–NRI in Szczecin. The article also presents examples of Prussian topographic and geological maps used to realize the objectives of the surface geology of Poland. Sheets of Prussian maps are a very valuable basis for elaboration of general and detailed Polish geological maps. Prussian maps make it possible to recreate the earlier geological, geomorphological and hydrographic picture of terrains which are now highly developed and antropogenically transformed. They are often used for the purpose of various time-spatial analyses, mostly to evaluate the dynamics and pace of erosional and accumulative coastal processes of the Southern Baltic coast. The maps of this type help to reconstruct and forecast the development of river mouths and to recreate the location of excavations and inactive open-cut mines of sand, gravel, clay, brown coal and amber. Old maps documenting the exact location of exploited deposits have practical application in geo-tourism.

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Impact of sand extraction from the bottom of the southern Baltic Sea on the relief and sediments of the seabed

Uścinowicz S., Jegliński W., Miotk-Szpiganowicz G., Nowak J., Pączek U., Przezdziecki P., Szefler K., Poręba G.

Oceanologia

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2014

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No. 56 (4)

857--880

EN

Investigations of the geological structure and seabed dynamics as well as the morphological and sedimentological effects of sand extraction generated by different mining techniques were carried out in Polish waters of the Baltic Sea, NW of the Gulf of Gdańsk, at a water depth of 15-17 m. Three research cruises took place: just before, directly after and 11 months after dredging operations. Seismoacoustic profiling, a multibeam echosounder, a side-scan sonar, a 3 m vibro-corer and a box-corer were used during the research cruises. The grain size distribution and 137Cs content of the sand samples were determined. Marine shells were dated by the AMS14C technique and pollen analyses were carried out on samples of muddy sands lying below the marine sand. A 2 to 4.5 m thick layer of marine sands lies on the boulder till and locally on late Pleistocene ice margin lake deposits. The 137Cs content indicates that the 0.4-0.8 m thick sand layer is mobile during storms. After the dredging operations, four pits with diameters from 80 to 120 m, depths from 3 to 4.5 m and slopes with gradients up to 30-55° were measured. Several smaller irregularly shaped pits and double furrows 30-150 m in length and 0.3-0.5 m in depth were found. The sonar mosaic also shows a 50-100 m buffer zone of fine sand around the pits which flowed over the dredger's side with water and settled on the bottom. During one year after the dredging operation the furrows generated by trailer suction hopper dredging as well as the fine sand cover around the pits disappeared completely. The four post-dredging pits left by stationary suction dredging were shallower by 2-2.5 m, their diameters increased by 40-50 m, the gradient of the slopes was reduced by up to 5-10°, and the total volume was only about 3.5% smaller than directly after dredging.

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Baltic Sea coastal erosion; a case study from the Jastrzębia Góra region

Uścinowicz G., Kramarska R., Kaulbarsz D., Jurys L., Frydel J., Przezdziecki P., Jegliński W.

Geologos

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2014

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Vol. 20, No. 4

259--268

EN

The coastline in the Jastrzębia Góra area can be divided into three major zones of general importance: a beach and barrier section, a cliff section, and a section protected by a heavy hydrotechnical construction. These areas are characterised by a diverse geology and origin, and hence different vulnerability to erosion. In addition, observations have demonstrated a different pace of erosion within each zone. Based on the results obtained by remote sensing methods (analysis of aerial photographs and maps), it has been determined that the coastline in the barrier area, i.e., to the west of Jastrzębia Góra, moved landwards by about 130 m, in a period of 100 years, and 80 m over about 50 years. A smaller displacement of the shoreline could be observed within the cliff. Between the middle of the twentieth and the start of the twenty-first centuries the shore retreated by about 25 m. However, in recent years, an active landslide has led to the displacement of the uppermost part of the cliff locally up to 25 m. Another issue is, functioning since 2000, a heavy hydrotechnical construction which has been built in order to protect the most active part of the cliff. The construction is not stable and its western part, over a distance of 50 m, has moved almost 2 m vertically downwards and c. 2.5 m horizontally towards the sea in the past two years. This illustrates that the erosional factor does not comprise only marine abrasion, but also involves land-based processes determined by geology and hydrogeology. Changes in the shoreline at the beach and barrier part are constantly conditioned by rising sea levels, the slightly sloping profile of the sea floor and low elevation values of the backshore and dune areas. Cliffs are destroyed by mass wasting and repetitive storm surges that are responsible for the removal of the colluvium which protects the coast from adverse wave effects. Presumably, mass movements combined with groundwater outflow from the cliff, plus sea abrasion cause destabilisation of the cliff protection construction.

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Rozwój wybrzeża Zatoki Gdańskiej w rejonie ujścia Wisły Martwej

Jegliński W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 10

587--595

EN

Vistula River is the second largest river in the Baltic Sea catchment area. Its delta is located at the Gulf of Gdańsk region and has been formed during the last ca. 13500 yr. The Dead Vistula is the oldest historically documented, and also the westernmost channel of the delta, drained water directly into the sea. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the development of the Dead Vistula outlet area during the late Holocene. At the end of the Atlantic period marine transgression reached the farthest range on the investigated area. During the next ca. 3000 yr. the embayment was filled by marine sand. The preserved dune ridges indicate earlier shoreline position. The oldest of them stabilized, acc. to OSL dating, between 3950 and 3150 yr. BP and are oriented WSW-ENE. The orientation of the dune ridges lying further to the north, changes gradually to WNW-ESE. The next generation of dunes stabilized between 2760-2380yr. BP. Vistula outlet in this place was created between 3000-2500 yr. and in that time the process of outlet cone forming was started. Orientation of the younger dune ridges, stabilized between 2220 and 1505 yr. BP, are in close connection with the development of the area. The process had not been steady in time. Two periods of accretion was sepa¬rated by stagnation time. The total amount of the material accumulated during both stages of development was ca. 178 mln. m3. The numerous ofpreserved historical bathymetric plans were very helpful for reconstruction ofthe outlet cone development during the second stage. The extension of the cone ended in the year 1840, when the new mouth has been formed. Since that time, as a result of the lack of clastic material supplying the cone earlier, marine erosion increases.

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Zastosowanie metody naziemnego skaningu laserowego do oceny geodynamiki wybrzeża na przykładzie klifu Jastrzębiej Góry

Kramarska R., Frydel J., Jegliński W.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2011

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nr 446 (1)

101--108

PL

Od 2010 r. w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym – Państwowym Instytucie Badawczym jest wdrażana technologia naziemnego skaningu laserowego do monitorowania procesów geodynamicznych zachodzących na klifowych odcinkach polskiego brzegu Bałtyku. Przedstawiono metodę wykonania pomiarów za pomocą impulsowego skanera laserowego Riegl VZ-400 oraz analizę danych na przykładzie klifu Jastrzębiej Góry. Pomiary poszczególnych odcinków klifu, wykonywane od kwietnia 2010 do marca 2011 r., wykazały zróżnicowane tempo erozji. Zachodni segment masywnej zabudowy zbocza uległ odkłuciu od ściany klifu i przesunięciu o prawie 1 m w pionie i około 1,2 m w kierunku morza. Czynne osuwisko w centralnej części badanego odcinka spowodowało cofnięcie brzegu o około 10 m i ubytek mas ziemnych o ponad 4000 m3. We wschodniej części odcinka, na makroskopowo stabilnym koluwium, stwierdzono przesunięcia drzewostanu o około 1 m. Uzyskane wyniki są początkiem bazy danych morfometrycznych pozyskanych metodą naziemnego skaningu laserowego.

EN

Since 2010, the Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute has implemented the use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) for geodynamical processes monitoring of backshore parts of the Polish coastal zone. This article describes the methodology of TLS surveying, using Riegl VZ-400 ground-based laser scanner. The analyzed data originates from Jastrzębia Góra cliff. Coastal surveying, launched in April 2010 (ended in March 2011), showed diverse erosion rates. Western part of the Massive Cliff Stabilization System had split from the cliff face and advanced ca. 1.2 m seawards, together with nearly 1 m vertical displacement. An active landslide in the central coast section, caused shore retreat by 10 m and land loss of 4000 m3. In the eastern part, within the macroscopically stable colluvium, a shift of the forest stand of approximately 1 m was detected. The obtained data forms the basis of the morphometric database acquired by TLS.

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Baza danych fauny z osadów neogenu południowego Bałtyku

Krzymińska J., Jegliński W., Przezdziecki P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 3

228-230

EN

The project aimed at creating a digital archive of species documented from the Quarternary deposits of the Southern Baltic Sea. The records are ordered and supplemented with diagnostic descriptions. Users interested in micro- and malacofauna can use the data in various applications (e.g., GIS). Besides, the database is also compatible with zoological specimen collections for museums, using a standard catalogue registry. The database was created in MS Visual FoxPro format. Access to the database (including browsing, searching and sorting options) is possible via a custom- made user interface application. The database is distributed on CD-ROM including also the necessary software. Because of its "open" character, the database will be systematically updated with new results of research on the Southern Baltic. The new faunistic database is designed as compatible with an already existing geological data base (Neptun) in the Marine Geology Branch of the Polish Geological Institute. Such cooperation will allow users to get additional information (lithology, petrography, etc.) concerning the studied samples of the Quaternary faunal remains.

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Recent development of the Vistula River outlet

Graniczny M., Janicki T., Kowalski Z., Koszka-Maroń D., Jegliński W., Uścinowicz Sz., Zachowicz J.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

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2004

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Vol. 11

103--107

EN

The Vistula River mouth is an unique example of river’s outlet observed since the birth in 1895 to present day. There is a large documentation of morphological changes in the outlet area. In 1895, a 7 kilometres canal was dug into which the waters of the Vistula were let in. Since 1895, most of the water discharge and all sediment transport reach the Gulf through artificial channel c. 20 km east of Gdańsk. During the last 100 years, the shoreline has been shifted seaward c. 1.5 km on the eastern side, to c 2.5 km on the western side of the Vistula mouth. Isobath of 5 m moved seaward c. 3 km and isobaths of 10 and 15 m shifted 2.5 km. During the years 1895-1997, land area accreted to 3,019,000 m2. The volume of the river-outlet cone in the year 2000 was 133.39 mln m3 and the average rate of sediment growth over the 105 years was c. 1.27 mln m3 per year.