The study investigates the integration of Industry 4.0 concepts within Polish family manufacturing enterprises, focusing on the evolving competencies required of Engineer 4.0 and Manager 4.0. Utilizing a survey of 178 family businesses, the research explores correlations between organizational characteristics - such as size, ownership, and technological sophistication - and perceptions of Industry 4.0 competencies. Statistical analyses reveal significant relationships between these characteristics and the evaluation of strategic management, interdisciplinary collaboration, and technical skills. Despite the transformative potential of Industry 4.0 technologies, implementation challenges persist, highlighting the need for tailored competency models to bridge these gaps. The findings offer valuable insights into aligning managerial and engineering expertise with the dynamic demands of modern manufacturing environments.
Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine which engineering and managerial competences are of high importance in enterprises operating in accordance with the assumptions of Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: The MAXQDA tool was used to analyze the acquired information, generating structured data clouds. Findings: As a result, soft skills turned out to be the most important competences, mainly related to effective interpersonal communication, systematic learning and adaptation to change, also in the technological area. Research limitations/implications: Quantitative research on a larger sample would be needed to examine the links between specific factors on a set of competences and adaptability to changes in workers. If respondents were to be informed about the areas most affected by the impact of Industry 4.0, more extensive and detailed qualitative research would have to be carried out focusing on this issue. Practical implications: The information obtained in the results of the research allows to emphasize the importance of soft skills in the catalog of those that are significant in Industry 4.0 enterprises. Thanks to this, the selection of training for employees can be more adapted to the actual needs of the company. Originality/value: The analysis of literature sources allowed to see that the previous research focused on presenting the competences of engineers and managers in relation to individual areas of industry. The research results included in the publication are a list of the most important competences of these in enterprises 4.0. This allows you to understand the key elements influencing the development of the professional path of engineers and managers during the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Keywords:
The purpose of the research process was to assess the state of knowledge on the use of Industry 4.0 postulates in the context of Engineer 4.0 and Manager 4.0 competencies in family firms, identify research gaps and outline future research directions. We conducted a systematic literature review of 21 articles from the Scopus database that relate to the topic of Industry 4.0 and Engineer 4.0 and Manager 4.0 in family firms. To identify the state of the art, keyword co-occurrence analysis using VosViewer software was used as an analytical tool. We identified the most influential journals and subject areas. The study allowed us to identify consistent clusters that show a wide variety of topics in the discussion of the mentioned topic. The results showed a wide dispersion of research interests and the lack of a single, in-depth or dominant research area dealing with the phenomenon worldwide. We recommend further research on family businesses and Industry 4.0. In addition, the lack of comparative research on family and non-family businesses should be addressed. Contribution and added value: Our systematic literature review systematizes the existing literature on Industry 4.0 in family firms, isolates key research interests, identifies future research directions and provides important insights for researchers.
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