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Yield forming effect of application of composts containing polymer materials enriched in biocomponents

Gambuś F., Wieczorek J., Czech T., Gorczyca O., Spałek I., Urbańska K., Babula J, Mierzwa-Hersztek M., Rydarowski H., Kopeć M

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2014

Vol. 15, nr 1

81--86

In a pot experiment the impact of composts containing polymeric materials modified with biocomponents on the diversity of crops of oats and mustard was examined. The composts used in the study were produced in the laboratory from wheat and rape straw, and pea seed cleaning waste with 8-percent addition of chopped biopolymer materials (films) which were prepared in the Central Mining Institute (GIG) in Katowice. Three polymers differing in content of starch and density were selected for the composting. The pot experiment was conducted on three substrates: light and medium soil and on the sediment obtained after flotation of zinc and lead ores, coming from the landfill ZGH “Boleslaw” S.A. in Bukowno. The need for using such materials and substrates results from the conditions of processing some morphological fractions of municipal waste and from improving methods of reclamation. Yield enhancing effect of composts depends on the substrate on which the compost was used, cultivated plants and crop succession. Application of composts prepared with 8% of polymeric materials based on polyethylene, modified with starch as biocomponent, resulted in significantly lower yields in sandy (light) soil in case of oats and, in some cases, in medium soil. Subsequent plant yield did not differ significantly between the objects fertilized with compost.

Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils located by the main traffic routes of Krakow

Jasiewicz C., Spałek I., Baran A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2007

Vol. 14, nr 5-6

465-471

The investigations aimed at determining the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soils collected by the main crossroads and roundabouts in Krakow. 23 sampling sites were determined at various distances from the road edge: by the road edge (A), 5 m (B) and 10 m (C) from the edge. The contents of 11 PAHs, organic matter and pH value were assessed in the collected samples. PAHs extraction from the soils was conducted with MARS microwave system with dichloromethane as solvent. The 11 PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatograph coupled with GC/MS/MS 400 mass spectrometer. The analyzed soil samples were characterized by diversified content of organic matter between 13.3 and 107.6 go kg-' d.m. whereas their pH fluctuated from 7.09 to 8.34. PAHs content in soil ranged between 0.028 and 5.656 mg o kg-' d.m. and did not exceed the permissible standards. Fluoranthene, phenanthrene and pyrene dominated among the analyzed PAHs.

Celem badań było określenie zawartości wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych w próbkach gruntów pobranych przy głównych skrzyżowaniach i rondach w Krakowie. Wyznaczono 23 miejsca, z których pobrano materiał glebowy w różnych odległościach od krawędzi jezdni: przy krawędzi jezdni (A) oraz w odległości 5 m(B) i 10 m (C) od jej krawędzi. W pobranych próbkach oznaczono zawartość 11 WWA i materii organicznej oraz pH. Ekstrakcję WWA z gruntów wykonano przy użyciu mikrofalowego sytemu MARS, a jako rozpuszczalnik zastosowano dichlorometan. Analizę 11 W WA wykonano przy użyciu chromatografu gazowego sprzężonego ze spektrometrem masowym (GC/MS/MS 400). Badane próbki gleby charakteryzowały się zróżnicowaną zawartością materii organicznej od 13,3 do 107,6 go kg-' s.m., a ich pH wahało się od 7,09 do 8,34. Zawartość WWA w glebie wynosiła od 0,028 do 5,656 mg o kg-' s.m. i nie przekraczała dopuszczalnych norm. Spośród badanych WWA dominującymi związkami były: fluoranten, fenantren oraz piren.