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Microplastics abundance in domestic wastewater as a pollutant source for the Daroy River, Indonesia

Fauzi Mhd., Soewondo Prayatni, Darnas Yeggi, Handajani Marisa, Tedjakusuma Teddy, Nizar Muhammad, Muna Cut R., Nur Ansiha

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 59

118--125

EN

Domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot, Aceh Besar Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia is directly discharged to the Daroy River without any treatment process. Domestic wastewater from Gampong Garot has been one of the contributors to microplastics contamination in the Daroy River. The microplastics (MPs) contained in domestic wastewater might come from used soaps and detergent products, as well as the scouring of clothes during washing. Thus, this study aims to investigate the abundance of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot. The sampling points were determined based on purposive sampling, with samples taken at the end of the main pipe that directly leads to the Daroy River. Organics in domestic wastewater were removed using 30% H2O2 liquid through a digestion process at a temperature of 75°C. MPs characteristics such as size, shape, and colour were visually analysed using a light binocular microscope at 100× magnification, while the polymer type was analysed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The concentration of MPs in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot was 30.238 ±1.228 particles∙(100 cm)-3 sample. The most common sizes of MPs were found to be in the range of 1,001-5,000 μm, while the dominant colour and shape were transparent and fibre-like. Polyester (PES) was the most detected type of MPs. These findings highlight the need for wastewater treatment before discharge into aquatic bodies.

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Distribution of Microplastics in Domestic Wastewater and Microplastics Removal Potential in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Fauzi Mhd., Darnas Yeggi, Muna Cut Rauzatun, Nizar Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

79--86

EN

Microplastics in domestic wastewater are detrimental to living organisms and appear in a variety of sizes, colors, and shapes. The purpose of this study is to examine the distribution of microplastics in domestic wastewater, as well as the possibility for microplastic removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The sampling method used is SNI 6989.59:2008 concerning Wastewater Sampling Methods that Apply in Indonesia. To remove organic compounds in the sample, 0.05 M Fe (II) and 30% H2O2 solution were added by the digestion process at 75 °C for 30 minutes and cooled. Samples were filtered using Whattman GF/C filter paper with the help of a vacuum pump and dried. To identify the concentration, shape, size, color of microplastics, visual analysis was used with the help of a microscope using the zig-zag technique. The concentration of microplastics in domestic wastewater in Gampong Garot is 30.17 ± 0.75 particles/100 mL sample. The most commonly found microplastic size is 1,001–5,000 μm, while the dominant color is transparent. The forms of microplastic found in the samples were fiber, fragments and microbeads with a percentage of 65.20%, 23.16% and 11.64%, respectively. These microplastics come from local community activities such as washing clothes, bathing, washing dishes, and other activities. So, it is necessary to treat domestic wastewater using WWTP. Not only does it remove organic matter and nutrients, WWTP also has the potential of microplastics removal around 7–99% depending on the processing unit.

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The Business Model for Access to Affordable RE on Economic, Social, and Environmental Value: A Review

Erdiwansyah, Gani Asri, Mamat Rizalman, Nizar Muhammad, Yana Syaifuddin, Rosdi S.M., Zaki Muhammad, Eko Sardjono Ratnaningsih

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 17, no. 5

5--43

EN

Renewable energy has the potential to power the global economy and effective business models will significantly aid this goal, being among the most critical factors in spurring expansion in the energy industry. This paper reviews articles that discuss business models in the renewable energy sector. Longterm economic, social, and ecological stability is concerned. Previous studies have neglected the environmental sustainability of renewable energy business models, focusing on their technical, social, and economic aspects, primarily for energy access. The business models for solar home and pico systems relied heavily on lowering costs through creative payment plans for customers to be commercially viable. The demand for mini-grids requires end users to launch businesses that can leverage electrification initiatives to be commercially viable. The success of a mini-grid depends on the average consumption and revenue per user. Affordability, unmet energy needs, low electricity demand, lack of financing, unfamiliar business models, and immature markets have impeded energy access in Indonesia. Our analysis revealed that future studies in this field must include environmental sustainability to provide a complete picture for decision-makers. Renewable energy needs in Indonesia can be achieved through the sustainability domain, policy makers can consult this evidence set.

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Waste Management Optimization in Banda Aceh: Towards a Zero-Waste City

Nizar Muhammad, Munir Erman, Munawar Edi, Irvan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 5

18--27

EN

Nowadays, many developed cities in Indonesia such as Banda Aceh intend to change their existing waste management systems to be more efficient and sustainable to achieve what can be called zero-waste practice. Recycling rates of up to 100% and recovery of all resources from waste materials are some of the elements embedded in the zero-waste city concept. However, to change from the cities that generate too much waste to the cities that are garbage-free is a tough challenge. Therefore, this research aimed to find out the opportunities, threats, and challenges in order to optimise and transform conventional waste management into zero waste principles. This research used in-depth interviews with waste experts, literature studies on waste management in other cities in Indonesia and other countries as well as examined government policies. The result of this research shows the challenges of turning a city into a zero waste one, such as how to design a product that generates less waste, what kind of zero waste city looks like, how to conduct the recycling process and what the responsibility of producers are, and how to optimize the rate of materials and waste recovery. However, its implementation should be affordable, practical, and effective within the framework of regional regulations.

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Analysis of the Composition of Household Waste from the Community within the Framework of a Waste Prevention and Reduction Strategy

Nizar Muhammad, Munir Erman, Munawar Edi, Irvan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2021

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Vol. 22, iss. 3

91--103

EN

Waste management requires reliable waste generation. The generation of waste and the amount of waste estimated based on facts are the factors that can influence it. The ways to reduce the environmental impacts on waste management include planned prevention by processing methods based on the waste features that are processed at designated locations. Factors such as behaviour, culture, energy sources, economic development and climate have impact on the composition of waste. The composition has a great effect on the need for collecting a lot of waste or less from the collection and disposition of waste. The purpose of this study was to analyse and find the main obstacles regarding the composition of waste under warm climate conditions. The results of this study allow the main contents of planned waste management to be established. This also includes advising all residents about how to minimise waste, a recycling scheme that is expanded on the roadside and relationships with stakeholders.