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Coexistence of algae and a graptolite-like problematicum: a case study from the late Silurian of Podolia (Ukraine)

Skompski Stanisław, Kozłowski Wojciech, Łuczyński Piotr, Kozłowska Anna

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 2

115--133

EN

This contribution presents the record of an abundant assemblage of well-preserved, thallophytic noncalcified algae and of an epibiotic form that has been recognised as a putative graptolite from the upper Silurian (Ludlow, Gorstian–Ludfordian) of Podolia (western part of Ukraine). The sediments represent a shallow peritidal zone of the shelf. A new genus and species, Voronocladus dryganti, belonging to the Dasycladales Pascher, 1931, is established. Most of the specimens representing the algal thallus are overgrown by problematical epibiotic graptolites, described as Podoliagraptus algaeoides gen. et sp. nov. This phenomenon is explained as an epiphytic mode of life of the putative graptolite on algae, and is herein compared to recently known coexistences of algae with other organisms. The excellent state of preservation, and the abundance of studied Dasycladales algae and epibiotic problematics indicate that the investigated mudstone layer can be treated as a ‘Konservat Lagerstätte’ sensu Seilacher (1970).

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The pre-Taghanic (Givetian, Middle Devonian) ecosystems of Miłoszów (Holy Cross Mts, Poland)

Halamski Adam T., Baliński Andrzej, Racki Grzegorz, Amler Michael R. W., Basse Martin, Denayer Julien, Dubicka Zofia, Filipiak Paweł, Kondas Marcelina, Krawczyński Wojciech, Mieszkowski Radosław, Narkiewicz Katarzyna, Olempska Ewa, Wrzołek Tomasz, Wyse-Jacson Patrick N., Zapalski Mikołaj K., Zatoń Michał, Kozłowski Wojciech

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 4

323--379

EN

The middle and upper parts of the Skały Fm, Early to Middle Givetian in age, were investigated in four sections at Miłoszów Wood in the Łysogóry Region (northern region of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). The dating is based on conodonts (Polygnathus timorensis Zone to the later part of the Polygnathus varcus/Polygnathus rhenanus Zone; early Polygnathus ansatus Zone cannot be excluded) and spores (Ex1–2 subzones) and, coupled with cartographic analysis and geophysical investigation, allows correlation within the strongly faulted succession. Significant lateral facies variations within the carbonate ramp depositional system in comparison with the better studied Grzegorzowice–Skały section, about 3 km distant, are documented, thanks to conodont-based correlation of both successions. Foraminifers, fungi, sponges, rugose and tabulate corals, medusozoans, microconchids and cornulitids, polychaetes (scolecodonts), molluscs (bivalves, rostroconchs, and gastropods), arthropods (trilobites and ostracods), bryozoans, hederelloids, ascodictyids, brachiopods, echinoderms (mostly crinoids, rare echinoids, holuthurians, and ophiocistoids), conodonts, fish, plants (prasinophytes, chlorophycophytes, and land plant spores), and acritarchs are present. Brachiopods are the most diverse phylum present (68 species), other richly represented groups are bryozoans and echinoderms; in contrast, cephalopods and trilobites are low in diversity and abundance. The muddy, middle to outer ramp biota (200 marine taxa, including 170 species of marine animals, 22 photoautotrophs, 6 forams) represents a mixture of allochthonous shallower-water communities (upper BA3), including storm- and possibly tsunami-affected coral mounds, and autochthonous deep-water soft-bottom brachiopod (e.g., Bifida–Echinocoelia) communities (BA 4–5). The richness and diversity of the Miłoszów biota is relatively high, comparable with other approximately coeval pre-Taghanic ecosystems during the Devonian climatic deterioration (cooling). Preliminary data indicate that in the Holy Cross Mountains, no large-scale replacement of brachiopod (and probably many other benthic ones, like crinoids) communities took place between the Early–Middle Givetian and the Early Frasnian, in contrast to the demise of the Hamilton/Upper Tully fauna in the Appalachian Basin. Such a similarity of pre- and post-Taghanic faunas does not exclude the occurrence of environmental perturbations and transient community turnovers, caused by immigrations during the Taghanic Biocrisis, but evidences the successful recovery of the indigenous biota.

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Marine snow and epipelagic suspensoids in the Reda carbonates and a pronounced mid-Ludfordian (Silurian) CIE in the axis of the Baltic Basin (Poland)

Kozłowski Wojciech

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2020

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Vol. 70, no. 4

529--567

EN

The mid-Ludfordian pronounced, positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE), coincident with the Lau/kozlowskii extinction event, has been widely studied so far in shallow-water, carbonate successions, whereas its deep-water record remains insufficiently known. The aim of this research is to reconstruct the sedimentary environments and the palaeoredox conditions in the axial part of the Baltic-Podolian Basin during the event. For these purposes, the Pasłęk IG-1 core section has been examined using microfacies analysis, framboid pyrite diameter and carbon isotope measurements. The prelude to the event records an increased influx of detrital dolomite interpreted as eolian dust, coupled with a pronounced decrease in the diameter of the pyrite framboids, indicating persistent euxinic conditions across the event. The event climax is recorded as the Reda Member and consists of calcisiltites, composed of calcite microcrystals (‘sparoids’), which are interpreted as suspensoids induced by phytoplankton blooms in the hipersaturation conditions present in the epipelagic layer of the basin. Both the prelude and climax facies show lamination, interpreted as having resulted from periodical settling of marine snow, combined with hydraulic sorting within a ‘benthic flocculent layer’, which additionally may be responsible for a low organic matter preservation rate due to methanogenic decomposition. Contrary to the observed basinward CIE decline in the benthic carbonates in the basin, the Reda Member records an extremely positive CIE (up to 8.25‰). Given the pelagic origin of the sparoids, the CIE seems to record surface-water carbon isotope ratios. This points to a large carbon isotope gradient and kinetic fractionation between surface and bottom waters during the mid-Ludfordian event in a strongly stratified basin. The Reda facies-isotope anomaly is regarded as undoubtedly globally triggered, but amplified by the stratified and euxinic conditions in the partly isolated, Baltic-Podolian basin. Hence, the common interpretation of the basin record as representative for the global ocean needs to be treated with great caution.

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Poprawa bezpieczeństwa pieszych poprzez budowę aktywnych przejść dla pieszych

Gryzik Radosław, Kozłowski Wojciech

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2019

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nr 1

32--35

PL

Piesi są grupą najbardziej bezpośrednio narażoną na drogach na kontakt z pojazdami. Połowa wypadków z udziałem pieszych jest spowodowana nieprawidłowym zachowaniem kierujących pojazdami, z czego blisko 70% zdarzeń ma miejsce na przejściu dla pieszych, w wyniku czego śmierć ponosi ponad 200 osób rocznie. Każdy samorząd stara się wyeliminować wypadki skutkujące ofiarami śmiertelnymi na terenie swojego województwa, powiatu, miasta czy gminy. Głównymi ofiarami ruchu drogowego od lat są piesi, również ci, którzy przechodzą po specjalnie wyznaczonych i oznakowanych przejściach, pomimo, że przejścia dla pieszych są uważane za najbezpieczniejsze miejsca przekraczania drogi samochodowej. Według najnowszych danych koszt jednostkowy ofiary śmiertelnej wynosi tyle co koszt ofiary ciężko rannej, natomiast koszt jednostkowy ofiary lekko rannej jest szacowany na 26 860 PLN. Zgodnie z powyższymi danymi koszt budowy nawet trzydziestu najbardziej innowacyjnych przejść dla pieszych, które przyczynią się do uratowania zdrowia i życia choćby jednej osoby, jest – w rozliczeniu finansowym – bardzo dobrą inwestycją (o ile można przeliczyć bezpieczeństwo oraz ludzkie zdrowie i życie na pieniądze). W artykule omawiany jest wpływ zastosowania aktywnych przejść dla pieszych na poprawę bezpieczeństwa pieszych. Artykuł zawiera przykładowe rozwiązania projektowe zarówno od strony technicznej, jak i wytyczne dotyczące umiejscowienia przejść.

EN

Pedestrians are the most exposed group of users of the roads who are directly endangered by the contact with vehicles. Almost 50% accidents occurred with pedestrians is caused by the wrong behavior of the driver towards the pedestrian. 70% of these accidents occur directly on the crosswalk and they are resulted with more than 200 fatal victims every year. Each selfgovernment strives to eliminate accidents with fatal victims within the area of its region voivodship, municipality or community. Since many years pedestrians have been main sufferers of the vehicular traffic and most of them losing their lives on the crosswalks, which are supposed to be the safest location to cross the street with the flow of traffic. According to the latest enumeration data the unit cost of the fatal victim is 2 052 518 PLN, the unit cost of a seriously injured is 2 323 299 PLN, and the unit cost of a slightly injured in the accident is 26 860 PLN. The enumeration data presented above show that the cost of construction even thirty the most innovative crosswalks that would contribute to save at least one life is – in terms of cost aspect – a very good investment (if you could convert safety and human life and health into money). The article aims to analyze an impact of usage the active crosswalks for pedestrians as an improvement for pedestrians’ safety. The article includes exemplary design solutions from technical point of view as well as the design guidelines for the crosswalks location.

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Studies of body weight/heart weight [c/s] ratio in treated and untreated experimental pulmonary barotrauma

Siermontowski Piotr, Kozłowski Wojciech, Pleskacz Katarzyna

Polish Hyperbaric Research

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2019

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nr 4(69)

63--70

EN

The prerequisite of development of pulmonary barotrauma [PB] is retention of the breathing mix in the lungs during a sudden decrease in external pressure or its administration into the airways under increased pressure or in a volume exceeding the maximum lung capacity. In such cases, the pulmonary parenchyma ruptures and air enters both the pleural cavity and/or the lumen of ruptured blood vessels located in the alveolar septa. The result is permanent disruption of the pulmonary parenchyma. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of post-PB lesions on the heart muscle and the importance of hyperbaric treatment on the exacerbation of such lesions in the heart. The hearts of 35 rabbits were used in the study. In animals of the experimental group, PB was induced in the pressure chamber using the proprietary method described in previous publications. Part of the animals in this group were treated with air hyperbaria. The comparison group consisted of animals, which did not undergo PB during a simulated dive. All animals were weighed, observed for four weeks and then put to death following the experiment. In autopsy, among others, whole hearts were collected and weighed after fixation. Subsequently, the C/S ratio, i.e. the body to heart weight ratio, was calculated. The measurement results were subject to statistical analysis. A statistically significant increase in the C/S ratio was found, indicating an increase in the share of heart weight in the total body weight in the group of animals with PB not treated with air hyperbaria as compared to the control group.