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Preparation and Study of Acid-Base and Ion-Exchange Properties of Biochar from Waste Coffee Grounds

Sokolova Taisiia, Krusir Galyna, Shunko Hanna, Korkach Hanna, Makarova Olga, Tolstykh Viktoriia, Sokolova Valeriia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 11

399--409

EN

Increased consumption of coffee in the world leads to the accumulation of food waste that is not properly utilised properly, but have prospects for further processing into a targeted with added value. The aim of this study is to produce biochar from waste coffee grounds by coffee grounds by conventional pyrolysis and microwave irradiation, determination of its chemical and particle size distribution, study of acid-base and ion exchange properties, ability to bind ions and lead ions for further use as an additive in the production of biogas production. Given the high cost of conventional pyrolysis to produce the required volumes of biochar, it is promising to consider an alternative option that will be significantly cost-effective and efficient. After carbonisation, we determined the biopolymer composition, acid-base and ion exchange properties of the raw materials and biochar using various methods, such as the Kjeldahl Hogedron-Jensen, potentiometric titration and others. The results of the maximum cation exchange capacity of raw materials and biochar indicate that biochar has a less pronounced tendency to exchange cations in the range of 0.89–1.15 μeV/g than raw materials, the value of which is mainly in the range of 1–3 μeV/g, which shows less influence of biochar on the mineral balance of microorganisms during anaerobic digestion. The values of the anion exchange capacity of biochar are in the range of values 0.7–1.2 μeV/g, and the pH value of the acidic groups of biochar lie in the range of 7.1–10.7 (characterising them as weakly acidic groups), pKa is 9.6–10.7. The curves of potentiometric titration of biochar are determined by the additive contribution of all ionised groups of biochar and allow us to classify the studied products as polyfunctional ion exchangers type ion exchangers. Results of the study of biochars from waste coffee grounds show that they have ampholytic properties and act as acceptors of metal ions, as well as function as a mild pH regulator, which is important in anaerobic digestion of food waste into biogas to increase the yield of the resulting gas in accordance with the biocircular green economy model.

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Investigation of Enzymatic Degradation of Solid Winemaking Wastes

Krusir Galyna, Sagdeeva Olga, Malovanyy Myroslav, Shunko Hanna, Gnizdovskyi Oleksandr

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 2

72--79

EN

The work is devoted to the research of the enzymatic destruction process of solid waste of the primary winemaking enterprises the introduction of advanced technology of their utilization and creation of optimally balanced feed additive. The processing of grapes produces waste, the storage and accumulation of which in environmental components leads to the loss of valuable resource in the composition of waste and leads to the creation of increased levels of environmental hazards. Enzymatic degradation of cellulose in the composition of waste by the cellulase enzyme through the microorganisms’ action is the basis of the biotechnological process. To implement this process, it is necessary to determine the main parameters and modes of the bioconversion process, investigation of which the study is devoted. The basic characteristics of the enzymatic degradation process were determined and data were obtained for the technology improvement of solid waste utilization of the wine industry enterprises. Comparative analysis of bioconversion of different types of waste proves that the cellulose enzymatic degradation is the most effective for the grape pomace in the waste, allows us to obtain valuable feed additive and reduce the environmental danger level.

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A Promising Way to Dispose of Fatty Waste by Hydrolysis and Study of the Conditions for Immobilization of Rhizopus Japonicus Lipase on Carriers

Skliar Viktoriia, Krusir Galina, Shunko Hanna, Zakharchuk Valentyna, Malovanyy Myroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 2

201--208

EN

The hydrogenation process in oil and fat production is accompanied by the formation of a large amount of waste, the majority of which includes spent catalysts and spent sorbents. The bioconversion of lipids through the use of immobilized enzyme preparations expands the possibilities and is one of the most powerful resource potentials of environmental biotechnology. The adsorption methods are most effective, which is due to the ease of the binding process, the low cost of the carrier and the absence of toxic substances. Immobilization of adsorption provides a large surface area, which is important for the lipolytic enzymes performing catalysis at the interface. In most cases, adsorption slightly reduces the activity of lipases and, which is extremely important, does not affect their specificity. It was shown that the use of activated carbon with a grain size of 2.0–2.8 as a carrier for immobilization of lipase, leads to maximum preservation of the initial lipolytic activity. The weight ratio of carrier/ enzyme, optimal in terms of preservation of lipolytic activity, was 1 g of biopolymer carrier per 500 mg of lipase (1: 0.5) with preservation of 36.33% of the initial activity of the native enzyme. From the obtained experimental data, it follows that the rational conditions for the immobilization of Rhizopus japonicus is GM 1.5, temperature 25°С, duration of immobilization 15 minutes, the size of particles of activated carbon as a matrix is 2.0–2.8 mm. The lipolytic activity of the enzyme immobilized under these conditions is preserved by more than 30% compared with the native one, which is a high indicator of the preservation of activity.