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1
Content available Presence, concentrations and risk assessment of dioxins in bottom sediments of Port of Gdynia
Dereszewska Alina, Krasowska Katarzyna, Popek Marzenna
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2023
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2023
59--68
EN
The risk associated with the exposure of humans and the environment to the impact of toxic compounds such as dioxins is associated with a number of factors such as: the level of contamination, environmental conditions and the dynamics of the food chain. The aim of the study is to provide a primary understanding of the risk of dioxins pollution in bottom sediments of the Port of Gdynia. The research was conducted to obtain data on the presence, concentration and risk assessment of PCDD/Fs in the bottom sediments of the Port of Gdynia. Sediments from five port basins were analyzed by GC-MS/MS and all PCDD/Fs congeners, capable of accumulating in fat cells of organisms, were detected in them. PCDD congeners dominated in the sediments. The highest concentration (902 ng/kg d.w.) was obtained for OCDD, dioxin with the lowest toxicity factor. The concentration of all 17 dioxin congeners (WHO-TEQ) ranged from 0.9 to 9.5 ngTEQ/kg d.w. Thus, bottom sediments from examined zones of port basins do not have a negative impact on the environment.
2
Content available Preliminary approach to ecological risk assessment of microplastics in selected coastal regions of Baltic Sea
Krasowska Katarzyna, Dereszewska Alina, Popek Marzenna
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2022
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022
133--142
EN
The aim of the study is to provide a primary understanding of the risk of microplastics (MPs) pollution in selected coastal regions of the Baltic Sea waters. This chapter presents preliminary data on the presence of MPs in superficial layers of seawater and sediments of the Puck Bay and Gulf of Gdansk. The environmental risk assessment has been performed for microplastics of the order of size from 0.3 to 5 mm. The detected fragments of microplastics and synthetic textile fibres are present in amounts that do not pose a significant threat to the marine ecosystem. However, microplastics contamination is projected to continue to increase in the region of the Baltic Sea, so it is necessary to monitor and take precautionary actions to minimise concentrations of microplastics in these environments.
3
Content available Modelling process of municipal wastewater quality - backgrounds and preliminary application
Bogalecka Magdalena, Dereszewska Alina
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2022
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022
17--34
EN
The probabilistic model of municipal wastewater quality process is proposed in the chapter. The methods of its characteristics and parameters statistical identification and prediction are presented. Next the proposed model is practically applied to examine and characterized the quality of the municipal wastewater collected in the exemplary sewage treatment plant.
4
Content available remote Potencjalne możliwości recyklingu organicznego w oczyszczalni ścieków, w świetle gospodarki cyrkularnej
Dereszewska Alina, Cytawa Stanisław
Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
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2022
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Nr 7-8
33--39
PL
W pracy scharakteryzowano obieg fosforu, azotu i węgla organicznego w biologicznej oczyszczalni ścieków, posiadającej komorę fermentacyjną oraz kompostownię. Oszacowano ilość biogenów jaką można hipotetycznie odzyskać w oczyszczalni ścieków o obciążeniu 70 tys. RLM. Technologie stosowane w oczyszczalni umożliwiają przetwarzanie odpadów organicznych i odzysk cennych dla gleby pierwiastków (fosfor, azot i węgiel organiczny) oraz energii. Wytwarzanie biogazu, przy maksymalnym wykorzystaniu odpadów organicznych generowanych przez mieszkańców, pozwala rocznie na odzysk 1126 Mg węgla organicznego i wygenerowanie ok. 12,6 GWh energii. Najbardziej racjonalną formą recyklingu organicznego odpadów jest wytwarzanie kompostu o parametrach nawozowych. Oszacowano, że produkcja nawozu umożliwia odzysk 30% węgla ,98% fosforu oraz 18% azotu ze strumieni tych pierwiastków wprowadzanych do oczyszczalni. W celu uzyskania kompostu o dobrych parametrach nawozowych niezbędne jest wdrożenie w regionie segregacji odpadów u źródła ich wytwarzania. Bardzo ważna jest również redukcja ilości koagulantów żelazowych, stosowanych w procesie oczyszczania ścieków do strącania związków fosforu, ze względu na to, że wzbogacają kompost w nieprzyswajalne formy fosforu w postaci fosforanu(V) żelaza(III). Z tego względu przedstawiono możliwość częściowego zastąpienia ich odpadową solą magnezu, co prowadzi do strącania dobrze przyswajalnego przez rośliny fosforanu magnezowo amonowego (struwitu). W pracy przedstawiono, w postaci schematu, cykl obiegu węgla, azotu i fosforu w oczyszczalni oraz opracowano arkusz kalkulacyjny, pozwalający na oszacowanie stopnia odzysku biogenów w kompoście, umożliwiający określenie produkcji wytwarzanej energii przez ilościowy dobór odpadów organicznych do fermentacji. Przedstawiono również zalety prowadzenia w oczyszczalni procesu oczyszczania ścieków, wspólnie z gospodarką odpadami organicznymi.
EN
The paper characterizes the circulation of phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon in a biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with a digester and composting facility. The amount of nutrients that can be hypothetically recovered in a WWTP with a load of 70 000 P.E. was estimated. Technologies used in the treatment plant allow to process organic waste and recover valuable elements for the soil (phosphorus, nitrogen and organic carbon) and energy. The production of biogas, with the maximum use of organic waste generated by residents, allows the recovery of 1126 Mg of organic carbon annually and the generation of about 12.6 GWh of energy. The most rational form of organic waste recycling is the production of compost with fertilizer parameters. It has been estimated that the production of fertilizer makes it possible to recover 30% of carbon, 98% of phosphorus, and 18% of nitrogen from the streams of these elements entering the WWTP. In order to obtain compost with good fertilizing parameters, it is necessary to implement waste segregation at the source of its production. It is also very important to reduce the amount of ferric coagulants used in the wastewater treatment process to precipitate phosphorus compounds, due to the fact that they enrich the compost in the form of iron(V) phosphate(III), which is an unavailable form of phosphorus. Therefore, the possibility of their partial replacement by waste magnesium salt is presented, which leads to the precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) well available by plants. The paper presents, in the form of a diagram, the cycle of the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in the WWTP and develops a spreadsheet to estimate the extent of nutrient recovery in the compost, allowing the production of energy to be determined by quantitative selection of organic waste for fermentation. The advantages of running the wastewater treatment process together with organic waste management in the plant are also presented.
5
Content available Risk of heavy metals and their compounds pollution in Port Gdynia waters
Popek Marzenna, Dereszewska Alina, Dembska Grażyna
Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes
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2021
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Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2021
305--315
EN
The Baltic Sea is one of the world’s largest brackish water areas and an ecologically unique ecosystem.The Port of Gdynia is a universal modern port specializing in handling of general cargo, mainly unitized cargo transported in containers and in a ro-ro system. Ships traffic in the Port of Gdynia has increased in recent years. Many of ships carry cargo that could severally impact coastal ecosystems if accidentally released. The sea water is influenced by heavy metals and their compounds that originate from both natural and anthropogenic origins. This paper discusses the concentration of heavy metals and their compounds in the Gdynia Port waters. It is based on data collected during the period from 2000 to 2019. The samples were tested and analyzed to find concentration of cadmium, lead and zinc. The level of contamination is lower than the Polish standards. Samples taken from the port area water are non-polluted, and the analysis shows that all metals are within the limits.
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