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3 Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

3 2023

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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by aqueous extract of Zingiber officinale and their antibacterial activities against selected species

Hussain Zawar, Jahangeer Muhammad, ur Rahman Shafiq, Ihsan Tamanna, Sarwar Abid, Ullah Najeeb, Aziz Tariq, Alharbi Metab, Alshammari Abdulrahman, Alasmari Abdullah F.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 3

23--30

Silver nanoparticles have special plasmonic and antibacterial characteristics that make them efficient in a variety of commercial medical applications. According to recent research, chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles are harmful even in low concentrations. It was crucial to identify appropriate synthesis methods that may have low costs and be nontoxic to the environment. Zingiber officinale (ginger) extracts used to prepare silver nanoparticles were inexpensive and environmentally friendly, and the best physicochemical characteristics were analyzed. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface Plasmon resonance peak at 425 nm was observed using UV-Visible spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy observed that the nanoparticles were spherical and ranged in size from 5 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern values of 2θ: 38.2° , 46.3° , and 64.58° are used to determine the planes (111), (200), and (220). The silver nanoparticle’s existence was verified by the face-centered cubic (FCC). Silver nanoparticles were found to have antibacterial efficacy against gram-positive Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella Aerogenes, Salmonella, Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was observed using the agar well diffusion (AWD) method at three different concentrations (100 μg/ ml, 75 μg/ml, and 50 μg/ml). The zone of inhibition measured against the bacterial strains pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Klebsiella aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus which were (18.4±1.25 mm, 16.9±0.74 mm, 14.8±1.25 mm), (16.8±0.96 mm, 14.6±0.76 mm, 14.0±1.15 mm), (19.7±0.76 mm, 18.2±0.66 mm, 15.4±1.15 mm), (16.6±0.67 mm, 14.2±0.23 mm, 12.8±0.78 mm) and (12±0.68 mm, 10±0.20 mm, 08±0.15 mm). These nanoparticles’ potent antibacterial properties may enable them to be employed as nanomedicines for a variety of gramnegative bacterial illness treatments.

Sustained Release of Drug Facilitated Through Chemically Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gelatin (PVA-GE) Hydrogels. A sustainable biomedical approach

Ali Shaukat, Ranjha Nazar Muhammad, Ahmad Bashir, Khan Ayaz Ali, Hassan Fakhr Ul, Aziz Tariq, Alharb Metab, Alshammari Abdulrahman, Alasmari Abdullah F., Alharbi Mousa Esa

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 2

56--65

The present study aimed to prepare hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin (Ge) and characterization of PVA/Ge hydrogel for their potential use as a sustained drug delivery system. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and-Gelatin (Ge) were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinking agent and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a catalyst. Different feed polymer ratio and crosslinking agent concentration were used to prepare a series of PVA/Ge hydrogels. The obtained PVA/Ge hydrogels were investigated for dynamic and equilibrium swelling studies. The effect of polymers ratio, degree of crosslinking and pH of the medium on swelling of PVA/Ge hydrogels was investigated. Furthermore, the values of diffusion coeficient (D), volume fraction, polymer-solvent interaction parameter, molecular weight between crosslink and crosslink density were calculated. For swelling studies, 0.05M USP phosphate buffer solutions of different pH (1.2, 5.5, 6.5 and 7.5) were used. For the drug release study, ciprofloxacin HCl was loaded into selected samples as a model drug. The release of drug from these samples was performed for 12 hours in USP phosphate buffers of pH 1.2, 5.5 and 7.5. The release data from these samples were fitted into various kinetic models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Peppas models to investigate the release mechanism. It was found that by varying the composition of PVA/Ge hydrogel and GA concentration, a significant difference was observed in drug release kinetics. FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the characterization of hydrogels. PVA/Ge hydrogel showed sustained release of the model drug at various pH values suggesting its potential use as a sustained drug delivery system.

Mycoremediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil by Using Indigenous Metallotolerant Fungi

Akram Muhammad Bilal, Khan Ibrar, Ur Rehman Mujaddad, Sarwar Abid, Ullah Najeeb, ur Rahman Shafiq, Aziz Tariq, Alharbi Metab, Alshammari Abdulrahman, Alasmari Abdullah F.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 3

1--13

The present study was aimed to identify the indigenous fungal strains which could possibly be applied to the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. The contaminated soil samples of Korangi Industrial Estate Karachi were found to have total concentration of Cu 1.044 mgL1 , and Pb 0.631 mgL–1. A total of eight indigenous strains of the fungus were isolated and screened for bioremediation capacity from heavy metals-contaminated soil. For the bioremediation of Lead (Pb) these same indigenous eight fungal strains were used for biological remediation. All the fungal isolated with enhanced bioremediation capability were through phenotypic and genotypical characterization. The topology of the phylograms established that the fungal isolates used in this study were allocated to: K1 (Penicillium notatum), K2 (Aspergillus parasiticus), K3 (Aspergillus fumigatus), K4 (Aspergillus flavus), K5 (Aspergillus terries), K6 (Fusarium solani), K7 (Penicillium chrysogenum), K8 (Aspergillus niger), K9 (Penicillium piceum) and K10 (Penicillium restrictum). Thus, K8 fungal isolate was found to be more efficient with maximum bioremediation capacity, for copper and lead removal efficiency, and selected for FTIR and SEM to find out the uptake of Cu and Pb which of the functional groups are involved, and further to detect the effects of bioleaching of both heavy metals on to the surface of K8 fungus biomass. The current study indicates that indigenous fungal isolates could be used with high potency to remediate or clean up the heavy metals-contaminated soil either by the technique of in situ or ex-situ bioremediation.