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1
Content available Impact of various types of soybean cake to soy straw briquettes on the heat of briquette combustion
Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Łagowski P., Kurczyński D., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2019
|
Vol. 8, No 3
23--26
EN
The paper presents results of research demonstrating the effects on heat of combustion of adding press cake from three varieties of soyben Erica, Mavka and Sirelia to soyben stalk based briquette. The conducted research shows that heat of combustion of soyben stalk was 15.2 [MJ∙kg-1], much lower than the heat of combustion of press cake from four. Press cake heat of combustion from the most effective Erica soyben variety was 23.4 [MJ∙kg-1], or 54% (w/w) more than that of rape stalk. Press cake heat of combustion from the least effective soyben variety was 19.8 [MJ∙kg1], or 30% (w/w) more than that of soyben stalk. Adding 20% (w/w) of press cake during briquette production Erica varieties resulted in an increase in heat of combustion by approximately 10,5; and a 40% (w/w) addition resulted in a further increase of approximately 20,4%, a 60% (w/w) addition of press cake increased heat of combustion by approximately 31,6 whereas an 80% (w/w) press cake content increased heat of combustion by more than 38,8%.
2
Content available Determining the effect of the addition of temperature on the rheological properties of biofuels FAME and RME
Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Łagowski P., Kurczyński D., Leśniak A., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2019
|
Vol. 8, No 4
3--7
EN
The aim of the study was to compare the impact of dynamic viscosity of two biofuels. One was a mixture of 50% (m / m) SBME and 50% (m / m) RME of own production. The mixture was conventionally called FAME. The second biofuel was commercial RME from a gas station. Dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature from -20 to 50oC was tested. The main device used at the measuring stand was ReolabQC rheometer manufactured by a German Anton Paar GmbH company. Dynamic viscosity especially grew rapidly after cooling biofuels to temperatures below -5°C. Dynamic viscosity FAME biofuels produced from pure vegetable oil (soybean oil and rapeseed oil) in a temperature range of 50 to -20°C has a value of c.a. 9 to 53[mPa∙s]. Dynamic viscosity of Biofuel FAME produced from mixtures of vegetable oils it was on average lower by about 1 to 8 [mPa∙s] of RME shopping from a gas station.
3
Content available Determining the effect of oil after frying fish for the production of biofuels with a fractional composition of FAME
Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2019
|
Vol. 8, No 3
37--41
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the fish frying process on the distillation properties of FAME and its mixtures with diesel fuel. The fish was fried at 160°C for 2 hours. Frying one serving lasted 6 minutes. The frying oil was a mixture of 50% (v/v) rapeseed oil and 50% (v/v) sunflower oil. The study showed that FAME biodiesel made from unused (pure) oil has similar distillation properties. The largest differences were observed for distillation temperatures of 85% and 100% and the final temperature of the distillation process. This may indicate a slightly lower purity of FAME produced from used cooking oil. In such a biofuel there may be more less volatile mono- and diglycerides or other chemicals that, e.g. after frying, remain in oil. It must be said, however, that they are not solid particles because they have been separated from the oil by filtration.
4
Content available Influenceof Perkins 1104D-44TA motor powered with SME supply on the CO, NOx, THC and O2 emissions
Wcisło G., Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Pracuch B., Leśniak A., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2018
|
Vol. 7, No 4
49--52
EN
The paper presents the results of research on the impact of Perkins 1104D-44TA engine powered with sunflower oil methyl esters and, for comparison, with diesel fuel, in terms of emission of CO, THC, NOx and O2. The tests were carried out on the engine test stand. During the tests, the engine worked according to the external speed characteristics in the range from 1000 to 2200 rpm. The esters used for powering the tested engine were produced using the GW 200 reactor designed and made by Grzegorz Wcisło, one of the co-authors of the paper. The results of the tests carried out showed a decrease in the concentration of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases, hydrocarbons when powering the engine with sunflower oil esters in relation to powering the engine with diesel fuel. At the same time, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and oxygen in the exhaust gases increased. The reduction of THC and CO emissions is the result of better combustion and afterburning of fuel. However, the increase in the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases results from the fact that in the biofuel structure there is oxygen which is used in combustion and reduces the oxygen demand from the atmosphere. On the other hand, the increase in NOx emissions is the result of a higher combustion temperature than when the engine is powered by diesel fuel.
5
Content available Influence of the SME run Perkins 1104D-44TA engine on the power and torque as well as unitary and hourly fuelconsumption
Łagowski P., Kurczyński D., Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Leśniak A., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2018
|
Vol. 7, No 4
49--52
EN
The article presents the results of tests determining the impact of using sunflower oil methyl esters on power and torque as well as unitary and hourly fuel consumption of the Perkins 1104D-44TA engine. Biofuels were produced in the Fuel and Energy Laboratory belonging to the Maopolskie Centrum Energii Odnawialnej (Małopolskie Center for Renewable Energy Sources), while analyzes of the selected fuel parameters were performed both in the above-mentioned laboratory and in the Liquid Biofuels Laboratory at the University of Agriculture in Krakow. Engine tests were carried out on the engine test stand at the Kielce University of Technology. During the tests, the engine worked according to the external speed characteristic. The results of the tests have shown that the engine supplied with the SME achieves slightly lower values of both power and torque than in the case of commercial fuel oil type Ekodiesel Ultra from the ORLEN S.A company. There was also an increase, especially in the case of higher unitary fuel consumption. Hourly fuel consumption was higher when supplied with SME in relation to the diesel fuel supply, although not as much as unitary consumption. The increase in SME consumption at the engine supply can be explained by the lower fuel value of SME, which contains oxygen in its structure.
6
Content available Angle of injection impact on the combustion proces in a compression-ignition engine
Łagowski P., Kurczyński D., Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2018
|
Vol. 7, No 4
29--36
EN
The article presents the impact of hydrocarbon fuel angle of injection on heat emission characteristics in a compression - ignition AD3.152 engine. The angle of injectionhas a significant impact on the primary engine operating parameters and combustion process indicators, which include the proportion of combustion which occurs according to kinetic and diffusion models, heat emission rate and the combustion process duration. The characteristics describing emission of a relative heat quantity were determined on the basis of an analysis of actual, indicator diagrams averaged over 100 runs, under the assumption that the combustion process ends by the time the exhaust valve opens. During the test, the engine operated according to an external speed characteristic. Tests were carried out for three fuel angles of injection: 13, 17 and 21 crankshaft rotation degrees.
7
Content available External speed characteristic for the Perkins 1104D-44TA engine fuelled by sunflower oil methyl esters
Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Leśniak A.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2017
|
Vol. 6, No 4
111--120
EN
The publication presents test results for a Perkins 1104D - 44TA engine powered by SME sunflower oil fatty acids methyl esters. The SME biofuel was manufactured in-house using a GW-200 reactor at MCOŹE "BioEnergia". The test was carried out at an engine test stand at Kielce University of Technology's Heat Engine Laboratory. During the test the engine operated according to an external speed characteristic. The tests aimed to determine the impact of using an SME type biofuel to power the engine on the engine's primary performance indicator values. A slight decrease to the brake horsepower and torque of the tested engine powered by sunflower oil esters as compared to diesel was recorded. Fuel consumption of the engine powered by plant origin fuel also increased. No operating problems were experienced associated with powering the engine using sunflower oil esters during the tests.
8
Content available Ecological indicators for the Perkins 1104D-44TA engine fuelled by sunflower oil methyl esters operating according to load characteristics
Kurczyński D., Łagowski P., Wcisło G., Pracuch B., Tomyuk V.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2017
|
Vol. 6, No 4
71--80
EN
Fuels constitute one of the research areas within the scope of piston internal combustion engines. The works encompass both conventional as well as alternative fuels. Fuels are sought which will contribute to a reduction in the negative impact of transport on the natural environment and humans. These may be fuels obtained from organic raw materials of agricultural (most often) or forest origin. When it comes to compression-ignition engines, Biodiesel B100 type biofuels can be used to fuel them, which most often constitute a long chain fatty acid ester, made from plant oils or animal fats. The publication presents ecological indicator test results for a compression – ignition engine fuelled by SME Biodiesel, or sunflower oil methyl esters and commercially available diesel as a benchmark. During the tests, the engine operated according to load characteristics at two different crankshaft rotational speeds. A sunflower oil ethyl ester fuelled engine returned beneficial values for most of the tested ecological indicators as compared to a diesel fuelled engine. Concentrations of substances such as CO, CO2, unburned hydrocarbons (THC), particulate matter (PM) were lower in the engine emissions, exhaust smoke levels were also reduced. Only nitrogen oxides (ONx) increased.
9
Content available Determining the effect of the addition of bio-components AME on the rheological properties of biofuels
Wcisło G.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2017
|
Vol. 6, No 1
105--110
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of FAME bio-components on the dynamic viscosity of biofuels in temperature range of from -20 to 50oC. Six kinds of fuels have been prepared: B0 (clear Fuel Diesel), B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100. The value attached to “B” letter denotes volumetric proportion of AME (methyl esters obtained from animala’s fat) in the mixture with fuel oil. The main device used at the measuring stand was ReolabQC rheometer manufactured by a German Anton Paar GmbH company. Dynamic viscosity especially grew rapidly after cooling biofuels to temperatures below 0°C. Dynamic viscosity AME biofuels produced from pure animal fat in a temperature range of 50 to -20°C has a value of c.a. 15 to 150[mPa∙s]. Dynamic viscosity of Biofuel AME produced from animal fat consumed it was on average higher by about 5 to 10 [mPa∙s] of AME manufactured from pure fat.
10
Content available Determination of the impact of the type of animal fat used for production of biofuels on the fractional composition of AME
Wcisło G., Labak N.
ECONTECHMOD : An International Quarterly Journal on Economics of Technology and Modelling Processes
|
2017
|
Vol. 6, No 1
111--114
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the frying process on the fractional composition of AME Biodiesel in comparison to the AME obtained from unused (fresh) animal fat. The fresh animal fat was divided into two portions. One was used for frying chips at 63°C for a period of 4 hours. The study showed the AME biodiesel produced from unused (pure) animal fat generally has better distillation properties. The temperatures at the start of distillation were similar for both of the AMEs. Within the 45-60% mid-range temperatures, the AME produced from the used cooking animal fat was characterized by higher distillation temperatures for the same volume of fuel. The largest differences were observed for the 85% and 95% distillation temperatures and the final temperature of the distillation process. This may testify to lower purity of the AME produced from the used cooking oil. In such a biofuel may consist less volatile mono-diglycerides or other chemicals which remain in the oil after frying. It must be said, though, these are not solid particles, as those were separated from the oil through filtration.
11
Content available Determination of the rheological properties of biofuels containing CME biocomponent
Wcisło G., Pracuch B.
Combustion Engines
|
2015
|
R. 54, nr 3
1088--1093
EN
Similarly to diesel oil (B7), Biodiesla B100 CME dynamic viscosity at positive temperatures in principle increases with decreasing temperature. Having exceeded 263K, it begins to increase rapidly. The dynamic viscosity for B100 CME at 253 K was 204 mPa·s, for B75 CME – 118 mPa·s, for B50 CME – 77 mPa·s and for B20 CME – 42 mPa·s. The study has shown that B100 CME cannot be used in practice as a pure fuel without a package of viscosity-lowering additives. At the same time, the viscosity values for B5 and B20 biofuels, in particular at positive temperatures, are close to the viscosity of diesel fuel. Under such conditions one can safely use B7 and B20 biofuels in compression-ignition engines, even in those with a state-of-the-art injection apparatus.
PL
Lepkość dynamiczna biodiesla B100 CME w zakresie dodatnich temperatur w zasadzie rośnie wraz z obniżaniem temperatury, podobnie jak oleju napędowego (B7). Natomiast po przekroczeniu 263 K zaczyna gwałtownie rosnąć. Lepkość dynamiczna w temperaturze 253 K – B100 CME wynosiła 204 mPa·s, B75 CME – 118 mPa·s, B50 CME – 77 mPa·s, natomiast B20 CME – 42 mPa·s. Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że w praktyce B100 CME nie może być stosowane jako samoistne paliwo, bez zastosowania pakietu dodatków obniżających lepkość. Natomiast dla biopaliw typu B7 i B20 wartości lepkości szczególnie w zakresie dodatnich temperatur są zbliżone do lepkości oleju napędowego. W takich warunkach bez obaw można używać B7 i B20 do zasilania silników z zapłonem samoczynnych nawet posiadających nowoczesną aparaturę wtryskową.
12
Content available Determination of the impact of the type of corn oil used for production of biofuels on the fractional composition of CME
Wcisło G., Labak N.
Combustion Engines
|
2015
|
R. 54, nr 3
1082--1087
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the frying process on the fractional composition of CME Biodiesel in comparison to the CME obtained from unused (fresh) corn oil. The freshly pressed corn oil was divided into two portions. One was used for frying chips at 493K for a period of 12 hours. The study showed the CME biodiesel produced from unused (pure) corn oil generally has better distillation properties. The temperatures at the start of distillation were similar for both of the CMEs. Within the 40-65% mid-range temperatures, the CME produced from the used cooking corn oil was characterized by higher distillation temperatures for the same volume of fuel. The largest differences were observed for the 90% and 95% distillation temperatures and the final temperature of the distillation process. This may testify to lower purity of the CME produced from the used cooking oil. In such a biofuel there may be more less volatile mono- and diglycerides or other chemicals which e.g. remain in the oil after frying.
PL
Celem badań było określenie wpływu procesu smażenia na skład frakcyjny biodiesla CME w stosunku do CME uzyskanego z niezużytego (świeżego) oleju kukurydzianego. Świeżo wytłoczony olej z kukurydziany podzielono na dwie porcje. Jedną z nich wykorzystano do smażenia frytek w temperaturze do 493K przez łączny okres 12 godz. Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że biodiesel CME wytworzony z niezużytego (czystego) oleju kukurydzianego charakteryzował się generalnie lepszymi własnościami destylacyjnymi. Przy czym temperatury początku destylacji były zbliżone dla obydwu CME. Dla temperatur ze środkowego zakresu 40 do 65% CME wytworzony z posmażalniczego oleju kukurydzianego charakteryzował się wyższymi temperaturami destylacji tej samej objętości paliwa. Największe różnice odnotowano dla temperatur oddestylowania 90 % i 95% oraz końca destylacji. Może to świadczyć o mniejszej czystości CME uzyskanego ze zużytego oleju. W takim biopaliwie może znajdować się więcej mało lotnych mono i di-glicerydów lub innych związków, które np. pozostały w oleju po procesie smażenia frytek.
13
Content available Options of use of waste biomass from herbal production for energy purposes
Żabiński A., Sadowska U., Wcisło G.
Agricultural Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 19, No. 4
139--145
EN
The objective of the research was to determine and compare the value of the heat of combustion of waste biomass in the form of above-ground parts of the selected species of herbs. The research included leaved stalks of milk thistle, non-leaved stalks of thyme and garden sage and inflorescence axes of lavender and fennel. The heat of combustion of waste biomass was determined with the use of a calorimeter according to the applicable standard PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Based on the obtained results it was stated, inter alia, that, from among the investigated species the lowest average value of the heat of combustion of 13.28 MJ·kg-1 was in case of biomass obtained from milk thistle. The heat of combustion of biomass of the remaining species was similar and it was at the average of 20.47 MJ·kg-1. Weight of ash after combustion was the highest in case of milk thistle and it was 0.23 g whereas in case of the remaining species it did not exceed 0.03 g.
PL
Celem podjętych badań było określenie i porównanie wartości ciepła spalania biomasy odpadowej, w postaci części nadziemnych, wybranych gatunków roślin zielarskich. Badaniami objęto ulistnione łodygi ostropestu plamistego, bezlistne łodygi tymianku i szałwii lekarskiej oraz osie kwiatostanowe lawendy i kopru włoskiego. Ciepło spalania biomasy odpadowej oznaczono za pomocą kalorymetru, zgodnie z obowiązującą normą PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono m.in., że z pośród badanych gatunków najmniejszą średnią wartością ciepła spalania, wynoszącą 13,28 MJ·kg-1 charakteryzowała się biomasa ostropestu plamistego. Ciepło spalania biomasy pozostałych gatunków było zbliżone i wynosiło średnio 20,47 MJ·kg-1. Masa pozostałego po spaleniu popiołu była największa w przypadku ostropestu plamistego i wynosiła 0,23 g, natomiast u pozostałych gatunków nie przekraczała 0,03 g.
14
Content available remote Wpływ warunków enzymatycznej hydrolizy surowców lignino-celulozowych na wydajność uzyskiwanej glukozy
Kawa-Rygielska J., Wcisło G., Pietrzak W.
Przemysł Chemiczny
|
2014
|
T. 93, nr 10
1739-1741
PL
Określono wpływ temperatury hydrolizy oraz doboru preparatów enzymatycznych na ilość glukozy uzyskiwanej z surowców lignino-celulozowych (słoma pszenna i łęty ziemniaczane) po procesie hydrolizy kwasowej rozcieńczonym roztworem H2SO4. Wykazano, że zwiększenie temperatury hydrolizy pozwalało na zwiększenie ilości uzyskiwanej glukozy w przypadku obydwu zastosowanych surowców. Zastosowanie dodatkowych preparatów enzymatycznych w procesie hydrolizy łętów ziemniaczanych (bez oddzielania płynów poreakcyjnych po obróbce wstępnej), również powodowało zwiększenie wydajności glukozy z jednostki masy surowca.
EN
Lignocellulosic raw materials (wheat straw, potato stalks) were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis after pretreatment with a dild. acid. The increase in reaction temp. (from 35 to 45°C) resulted in an increase in the glucose yield by 50–60 g/kg. The addn. of supportive enzymes (hemicelulases) resulted also in increasing the sugar yield by 3-15% in comparison to only cellulase-catalyzed hydrolysis.
15
Content available Ciepło spalania słomy i zgonin orkiszu pszennego nawożonego zróżnicowanymi dawkami potasu
Sadowska U., Żabiński A., Wcisło G.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2013
|
R. 17, nr 3, t. 1
355--361
PL
Celem podjętych badań było określenie i porównanie wartości ciepła spalania słomy oraz zgonin orkiszu pszennego przy zróżnicowanej wilgotności badanego materiału i nawożeniu potasowym. Badania wykonano za pomocą kalorymetru zgodnie z obowiązującą normą PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Zwiększone nawożenie potasowe powodowało spadek wartości ciepła spalania zarówno słomy, jak i zgonin przy wszystkich zastosowanych wariantach wilgotności. Największe wartości ciepła spalania zarejestrowano zarówno dla słomy, jak i zgonin o wilgotności 3,2% przy pojedynczej dawce potasu wynoszącej 75 kg·ha-1.
EN
The objective of the research was to determine and compare the value of the heat of combustion of straw and waste from wheat spelt at varied moisture of the researched material and potassium fertilization. The research was conducted by means of the calorimeter pursuant to the applicable standard PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. The increased potassium fertilization caused the decrease of the heat of combustion value of both straw and waste at all applied moisture variants. The highest values of the heat of combustion were registered for both straw and waste of 3.2% moisture at a single dose of potassium amounting to 75 kg·ha-1.
16
Content available Determination of the impact of FAME biocomponent on the fraction composition of diesel engine fuels
Wcisło G.
Combustion Engines
|
2013
|
R. 52, nr 3
1098--1103
EN
The paper presents the results of studies to determine the fractional composition of biofuels, bio-component containing the FAME and diesel. Formulated biofuels 'B' containing 7%, 15%, 25%, 50% and 100% of FAME. Biofuels are produced from FAME use oil in the reactor of his own design type GW 200. The study was conducted in accordance with the requirements of BS EN ISO 3405:2012 (ASTM D 1160) using automated distillers HAD 620/1 by Herzog. Experiments have shown that both the beginning of distillation and its course depending on the amount of RME in diesel fuel. The greater the amount of FAME biodiesel that later starts the beginning of the distillation. Experiments have shown that both the beginning of distillation and its course depending on the amount of FAME in diesel fuel. The greater the amount of FAME biodiesel that later starts the beginning of the distillation. Among the studied biofuels only B7 and B15 FAME can meet the requirements for a standard diesel, which states that 95% v/v fuel must evaporate to a temperature of 360ºC (633 K).
PL
W referacie zaprezentowano wyniki badań dotyczących określenia składu frakcyjnego biopaliw, zawierających biokomponent FAME oraz oleju napędowego. Skomponowano biopaliw typu „B” zawierające 7%, 15%, 25%, 50% oraz 100% FAME. Biopaliw FAME zostały wyprodukowane z oleju uniwersalnego w reaktorze własnej konstrukcji typ GW 200. Badania przeprowadzono zgodnie z wymogami normy PN-EN ISO 3405:2012 (ASTMD 1160) przy użyciu zautomatyzowanej destylarki HAD 620/1 firmy Herzog. Eksperymenty pokazały, że zarówno początek destylacji jak i jej przebieg zależy od ilości FAME w oleju napędowym. Im większa ilość RME w bio-paliwie tym później rozpoczyna się początek destylacji. Spośród badanych biopaliw tylko B7 oraz B15 FAME może sprostać wymogom dla standardowego oleju napędowego stanowiącym, że 95% v/v paliwa musi odparować do temperatury 360ºC (633 K).
17
Content available Ciepło spalania ziarniaków zbóż o obniżonych cechach jakościowych
Żabiński A., Sadowska U., Wcisło G.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2012
|
R. 16, nr 2, t. 1
353-359
PL
Celem podjętych badań było określenie i porównanie wartości ciepła spalania ziarna jakościowego oraz porośniętego, gatunków zbóż z podrodziny wiechlinowatych. Badania wykonano za pomocą kalorymetru zgodnie z obowiązującą normą PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono m.in., że największą średnią wartością ciepła spalania spośród badanych gatunków zbóż charakteryzują się ziarniaki owsa. Dotyczy to zarówno ziarna jakościowego jak i porośniętego tego gatunku, a otrzymane wartości to odpowiednio 18,62 i 18,02 MJ*kg-1. Najmniejsze wartości ciepła spalania zarejestrowano natomiast dla ziarniaków pszenicy i pszenżyta. Ciepło spalania ziarna jakościowego tych gatunków wynosiło odpowiednio 17,25 i 17,24 MJ*kg-1, porośniętego natomiast 17,07 i 17,01 MJ*kg-1 Porównując wartości ciepła spalania ziarna jakościowego z porośniętym w obrębie każdego z badanych gatunków stwierdzono istotne różnice pod tym względem tylko w przypadku żyta i owsa. Ziarno jakościowe tych gatunków charakteryzowało się istotnie wyższymi wartościami ciepła spalania w stosunku do porośniętego. Dla ziarna jakościowego żyta wartość ta wynosiła 17,68 MJ*kg-1, dla porośniętego 17,22 MJ*kg-1.
EN
The purpose of the research was to determine and compare values of the heat of combustion of the quality and the sprout seed, grain varieties belonging to a sub-variety of graminae. The research was conducted using the calorimeter pursuant to the applicable standard PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Based on the obtained results it was stated, inter alia, that oat caryopses are characterised by the highest mean value of the heat of combustion among the examined grain varieties. It concerns both the quality seed as well as the sprout seed of this variety and the obtained values are respectively 18.62 and18.02 MJ*kg-1. Whereas, the lowest values of the heat of combustion were recorded for wheat and triticale caryopses. The heat of combustion of the quality seed of these varieties was respectively 17.25 and 17.24 MJ*kg-1, while the sprout seed was 17.07 and 17.01 MJ*kg-1. While comparing values of the heat of combustion of the quality seed with the sprout seed within each of the examined varieties, significant differences were noticed in case of rye and oat. The quality seed of these varieties was characterised by significantly higher values of the heat of combustion in relation to the sprout seed. For the quality seed of rye, this value was 17,68 MJ*kg-1, for the sprout seed 17,22 MJ*kg-1.
18
Content available remote Określenie wpływu rodzaju użytego oleju rzepakowego do produkcji biopaliw na skład frakcyjny RME
Wcisło G., Strzelczyk M.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Mechanika
|
2012
|
R. 109, z. 5-M
291--298
PL
Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że niezależnie od rodzaju zastosowanego oleju rzepakowego do produkcji RME (czy będzie to olej nieużyty lub zużyty) zakresy temperatur destylacji były podobne. Niewielkie różnice zanotowano jedynie dla temperatur końca destylacji. RME wyprodukowane z zużytego oleju rzepakowego potrzebowało wyższych temperatur do odparowania całej objętości biopaliwa. Może to świadczyć o mniejszej czystości RME uzyskanego ze zużytego oleju. W takim biopaliwie może znajdować się więcej mało lotnych mono- i diglicerydów lub innych związków, które np. pozostały w oleju po procesie smażenia frytek. Przy czym nie chodzi tu o cząstki stałe, ponieważ te zostały oddzielone od oleju podczas filtracji.
EN
The study showed that regardless of type of rapeseed oil to RME production, whether it is oil unused or used, the distillation temperature ranges were similar. Minor differences were noted only in the temperature of final distillation. RME produced from rapeseed oil used higher temperatures needed to vaporize the entire volume of biofuels. It may show that RME derived from used oil is less pure. This biofuel may contain more less volatile mono-and di-glycerides or other compounds which eg remained in the oil after the process of frying French fries. But it is worth stressing that it doesnt concern solid particles, because they have been separated from the oil during filtration.
19
Content available Ciepło spalania ziarniaków zbóż z podrodziny wiechlinowatych
Żabiński A., Sadowska U., Wcisło G.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2011
|
R. 15, nr 5
307-312
PL
Celem podjętych badań było określenie i porównanie wartości ciepła spalania ziarniaków zbóż przy różnym stopniu ich uwilgotnienia (11, 16, 18%). Badania wykonano za pomocą kalorymetru zgodnie z obowiązującą normą PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników stwierdzono m.in. że największymi średnimi wartościami ciepła spalania przy wilgotności 11 i 18% charakteryzują się ziarniaki owsa i jęczmienia.
EN
The purpose of the research was to determine and compare the value of the heat of combustion of wheat grains with a different degree of humidity (11, 16, 18%). The researches were conducted using the calorimeter pursuant to the applicable standard PN-EN ISO 9831:2005. On the basis of the obtained results it was stated, among others, that oat and barley grains are characterised by the highest values of the heat of combustion with the humidity of 11 and 18%.
20
Content available remote Wyznaczenie własności reologicznych biopaliwa typu Biodiesel CSME
Wcisło G
Silniki Spalinowe
|
2009
|
R. 48, SC1
20--25
PL
W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących określenia wpływu temperatury oraz szybkości ścinania na lepkość dynamiczną biopaliw typu „B” CSME. Paliwami tego typu są oleje napędowe zawierające dodatek biokomponentu. Wartość przy literze „B” oznacza udział objętościowy biokomponentu CSME (estry metylowe oleju lnianki) w mieszaninie z olejem napędowym. Badaniom poddano cztery rodzaje biopaliw: B100 CSME, B50 CSME, B20 CSME, B5 CSME. Przeprowadzone badania pokazały, że na lepkość dynamiczną biopaliw „B” zawierających biokomponent CSME duży wpływ wywiera nie tylko temperatura, jak dotychczas sądzono, ale również szybkość ścinania. Z badań wynika, że lepkość dynamiczna paliw i biopaliw z dodatkiem CSEM w zakresie temperatur od 30 do -20°C wahała się w przedziale od 6,2 do 170,3[mPas]. W dodatnich temperaturach lepkość dynamiczna biopaliw jest niewiele wyższa od lepkości oleju napędowego. Lepkość dynamiczna biopaliw bardzo rośnie w temperaturach poniżej 0°C. W zależności od ilości biokomponentu lepkość dynamiczna w najniższym badanym zakresie temperatur -20°C jest od około czterech do siedmiu razy wyższa niż oleju napędowego.
EN
The paper presents the results of research on determining the temperature and shearing rate effect on dynamic viscosity of type „B” CSME biofuels. This type of fuels are diesel fuels containing a biocomponent supplement. Value by letter „B” denotes volumetric share of the biokomponent CSME (Camelina sativa methyl esters) in a mixture with diesel fuel. Tested were three kinds of biofuels: B100 CSME, B50 CSME, B20 CSME, B5 CSME. Conducted experiments demonstrated that dynamic viscosity of “B” biofuels containing CSME biocomponent was considerably affected not only by the temperature, as hitherto assumed, but also by shearing rate. The analyses have shown that dynamic viscosity of fuels and biofuels with CSEM supplement within the temperature range from 30 to -20°C fluctuated from 6.2 to 170.3[mPas]. At positive temperatures dynamic viscosity of biofuels is slightly higher than diesel fuel viscosity. Dynamic viscosity of biofuels increases considerably at the temperatures below 0°C. Depending on the biocomponent quantity, dynamic viscosity within the lowest analysed temperature range -20°C is between four and seven times higher than diesel fuel temperature.
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