Personal 3D printers, based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology, established a relatively new category in Additive Manufacturing (AM) systems. Adding material layer by layer allows to manufacture complex parts at low cost. Recent dynamic demand growth in this segment forced 3D printer manufacturers to simultaneously develop machines and dedicated software, which enables to convert CAD 3D model to toolhead path control codes (G-code). The work presented in this paper compares currently available 3D printers software: Cura, Slic3r, Voxelizer, Matter Control. The aim of presented study was to investigate dimensions and shape precision of test specimens using computed tomography (CT). Specimens used in the study were designed to capture a representative set of geometrical features for comparison. Specimens were made of PLA (polylactide), a widely used FDM material, on Hbot 3D (personal 3D printer from 3D Printers Ltd, Poland). CT systems enable to measure external and internal dimensions with high precision. In the study, analysis of specimens external geometry, including diameters, distances and angles measurement, was performed. Standard deviation was estimated through comparison of reference values from CAD model with measurement results. In order to analyze the internal geometry, cross-section verification was done. The fundamental result of the paper demonstrates the influence of different 3D printer software on geometrical accuracy. Although the most important process parameters for each software were set up in the same way, there were significant differences between the models. Based on these results, it is concluded that the best results were obtained using Cura software.
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The paper presents selected results of the adaptation of Lean Manufacturing methods to the mining industry conditions. The research was carried out within the framework of R&D project “Adaptation and implementation of Lean in the copper mines.” The article focuses on the key issues related to the Total Productive Maintenance. TPM in a mine according to Authors’ approach should be based on 3 main pillars: improvement of the environment of work, autonomous and planned maintenance and standards in development. In order to adapt TPM method to mining conditions several steps were taken. In the first step failure analysis was conducted. On the basis of its results, a pilot group of machines was selected. To ensure the best environment for implementing the method a holistic approach was applied. Three types of activities were performed in parallel – designing a room for pilot area machines, daily service process optimization and repair standardization. The coherent TPM methodology developed within the framework of Lean Mining project is so universal that it can be successfully implemented in the other mining companies, specializing in the underground and open pit mines and quarries, in order to increase their profitability and introduce continuous improvement approach.
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Niniejszy artykuł zawiera opis prac wykonanych w ramach projektu badawczo-rozwojowego „Adaptacja i implementacja metodologii Lean w kopalniach miedzi” z zakresu metody Total Productive Maintenance. Prace badawczo-rozwojowe rozpoczęły się od ustandaryzowania nazewnictwa awarii i napraw maszyn dołowych, dzięki której następnie przeprowadzono analizę częstości występowania awarii oraz wytypowano obszar pilotażowy do dalszych prac. Na tej podstawie realizowano kolejne działania polegające na opracowaniu standardu przeprowadzania jednej z często występujących napraw wozów odstawczych. Opracowano również standard wykonywania oceny codziennej wozu odstawczego za pomocą metody MTM. Ponadto przygotowano koncepcję adaptacji istniejącej wnęki w Komorze Maszyn Ciężkich zgodnej z zasadami TPM i 5S, która zostanie przeznaczona dla mechaników zajmujących się wozami odstawczymi.
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This article presents the description of the work carried out within the framework of R & D project „Adaptation and implementation of Lean methodology copper in mines” within the scope of the Total Productive Maintenance method. The research began from an attempt to standardize names of failure and repairs of underground machinery and was followed by an analysis of the incidence of failures, thus the pilot area was selected. On this basis, further activities were carried out aiming in developing the standard of conduct one of the frequently occurring repairs of haulage vehicles (HV) including the preparation methods of carrying out such a standardization, so that it will be possible to develop other standards repairs. Also a standard of HV’s OC (daily control) was developed using the MTM method . An adaptation of the concept of special warehouse for HV’s mechanics was made in accordance with the principles of TPM and 5S. Additionally the description of conducted training for underground workers in the field of TPM and 5S method was provided.
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Idea maszyn zdolnych do samoreplikacji obecna jest w myśli technicznej od wielu lat. Od dawna naukowcy tworzyli hipotetyczne koncepcje budowy maszyn, które potrafią zbudować własną kopię. Jedna z takich koncepcji narodziła się na Uniwersytecie w Bath w Wielkiej Brytanii. W 2004 r. dr Adrian Bowyer, brytyjski inżynier i matematyk, wykładowca na Uniwersytecie w Bath, opracował projekt samopowielającej się drukarki 3D RepRap. RepRap jest skrótem od angielskich słów Replicating Rapid-prototyper.
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Presented is a concept of the self-duplicating 3D RepRap printer developed in 2004 by Adrian Bowyer British engineer, mathematician and lecturer to Bath University.
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