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1
Content available remote Analysis of the influence of adding rubber recyclate on the strength properties of epoxy-glass composites
Abramczyk Norbert, Żuk Daria, Panasiuk Katarzyna
Journal of KONBiN
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2023
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Vol. 53, iss. 1
1--24
EN
The article attempts to assess the possibility of using rubber recyclate as a component of composite materials. Research is being carried out to develop a technology for the production of composite materials with the addition of rubber waste. These tests are aimed at increasing the reliability and safety of the operation of structures exposed to longterm impact of devices generating vibrations. At the same time, work is underway on the use of complex composite surfaces as sound-absorbing elements. The new direction of using recyclates will have a positive impact on the management of environmentally harmful waste, taking into account a favorable economic factor.
PL
W artykule podjęto próbę oceny możliwości wykorzystania recyklatu gumowego jako składnika materiałów kompozytowych. Prowadzone są badania mające na celu opracowanie technologii wytwarzania materiałów kompozytowych z dodatkiem odpadu gumowego. Badania te są ukierunkowane na zwiększenie niezawodności i bezpieczeństwa obsługi konstrukcji narażonych na długotrwałe oddziaływanie urządzeń generujących wibracje. Jednocześnie trwają prace nad wykorzystaniem złożonych powierzchni kompozytowych jako elementów dźwiękochłonnych. Nowy kierunek wykorzystania recyklatów będzie miał korzystny wpływ na zagospodarowanie szkodliwych dla środowiska odpadów z uwzględnieniem korzystnego czynnika ekonomicznego.
2
Content available remote Influence of graphite as a filler on selected mechanical and structural properties of layered composites with polyester-glass recyclate
Wieczorska Agata, Panasiuk Katarzyna, Bazychowska Sylwia
Journal of KONBiN
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2022
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Vol, 52, iss. 2
1--22
EN
The search for recycling methods of composite materials indicated the possibility of using composites with polyester-glass recyclate as structural elements. The main aim of the article was to analyse the influence of the graphite percentage content on the mechanical and structural properties of such composites. Composite materials were made by hand laminating with 10% polyester-glass recyclate and graphite nano-additive. Samples for the static tensile test were prepared, which was carried out in accordance with the applicable standard on a universal testing machine. The obtained results showed that with the increase in the amount of graphite, the properties of the composite decrease; however, dispropor-tionately to the % of its content.
PL
W ramach poszukiwania metod recyklingu materiałów kompozytowych zauważono możliwość zastosowania kompozytów z recyklatem poliestrowo-szklanym jako elementów konstrukcyjnych. Celem zasadniczym artykułu była analiza wpływu zawartości procentowej grafitu na właściwości mechaniczne i strukturalne takich kompozytów. Wykonano materiały kompozytowe metodą laminowania ręcznego z recyklatem poliestrowo-szklanym w ilości 10%, a także nanododatkiem grafitu. Przygotowano próbki do statycznej próby rozciągania, którą przeprowadzono zgodnie z obowiązującą normą na uniwersalnej maszynie wytrzymałościowej. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, iż wraz ze wzrostem ilości grafitu właściwości kompozytu maleją, jednakże nieproporcjonalnie do jego procentowej zawartości.
3
Content available remote Analysis of strength parameters at tension of epoxy-glass composites with rubber recyclate addition
Żuk Daria, Abramczyk Norbert, Panasiuk Katarzyna
Journal of KONBiN
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2022
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Vol. 52, iss. 1
131--150
EN
The aim of the research was to analyze the strength parameters of epoxy-glass sandwich composites with the addition of rubber recyclate. Material samples were subjected to a static tensile test performed on a universal testing machine in accordance with the current standard for fiber-reinforced composite materials. The test results showed that the addition of rubber recyclate increases the plastic parameters of the composite, which allows considering the use of the tested material for structures loaded with the vibration and noise scale. The use of rubber recyclate to modify the strength parameters of the composite allows to reduce the amount of rubber waste and ensures the durability of the new material.
PL
Celem badań była analiza parametrów wytrzymałościowych kompozytów przekładkowych epoksydowo-szklanych z dodatkiem recyklatu gumowego. Próbki materiałów poddano statycznej próbie rozciągania przeprowadzonej na uniwersalnej maszynie wytrzymałościowej zgodnie z aktualną normą dla materiałów kompozytowych zbrojonych włóknami. Wyniki badań wykazały, iż dodatek recyklatu gumowego zwiększa parametry plastyczne kompozytu, co pozwala na rozważenie zastosowania badanego materiału na konstrukcje obciążone znacznymi drganiami i hałasem. Zastosowanie recyklatu gumowego w celu modyfikacji parametrów wytrzymałościowych kompozytu umożliwia zmniejszenie ilości odpadów gumowych i zapewnia niezawodność wytrzymałościową nowego materiału.
4
Content available Acoustic Emission as a Method for Analyzing Changes and Detecting Damage in Composite Materials During Loading
Panasiuk Katarzyna, Dudzik Krzysztof, Hajdukiewicz Grzegorz
Archives of Acoustics
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2021
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Vol. 46, No. 3
399--407
EN
Thanks to their excellent strength and durability, composite materials are used to manufacture many important structural elements. In the face of their extensive use, it is crucial to seek suitable methods for monitoring damages and locating their origins. The purpose of the article was to verify the possibility of applying the acoustic emissions (AE) method in the detection of damages in the structures of composite materials. The experimental part comprised static tensile tests carried out on various sandwich composites, including simultaneous registration of elastic waves with increasing loads, carried out with the use of an acoustic-electrical sensor connected. The signal obtained from the sensor was then further processed and used to draw up diagrams of the AE hits, amplitude, root mean square of the AE source signal (RMS) and duration in the function of time. These diagrams were then applied on their corresponding stretching curves, the obtained charts were analysed. The results obtained point to a conclusion that the acoustic emissions method can be successfully used to detect and locate composite material damages.
5
Content available The impact of polyester-glass recyclate on the hardness and structure of composites
Panasiuk Katarzyna, Kyzioł Lesław, Abramczyk Norbert, Hajdukiewicz Grzegorz
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2019
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nr 59 (131)
22--26
EN
The attractive characteristics of polyester-glass composites have led to their use in many industries, but using them as structural elements requires knowing their mechanical properties. This paper presents processing methods of polyester and glass scrap and their use in the production of new composites. This scrap, called the recyclate, was pre-crushed, ground, and then passed through sieves to obtain the desired fractions. Composite materials with added recyclate were made by hand lamination. Composites were made and then used to conduct appropriate tests to determine the degree of cure of the resin, and to determine the effect of the polyester-glass recyclate content on the hardness of composites. For this purpose, rectangular panels with a thickness of g = 8 mm were produced by manual lamination. Each plate contained 0% glass mat, 10% resin, and 20% recyclate with granulation ≤ 1.2 mm and ≤ 3 mm. Then, test samples were formed from each plate. Hardness measurements were performed using the ball-pressing method. In addition, structural studies were carried out to determine the correlation between the structural and mechanical properties of the discussed materials. The obtained test results showed that the recyclate content and its granulation clearly affected the mechanical properties of the tested composite materials.
6
Content available Analysis of the cracking process of layered composites with polyester-glass recyclate using dynamic tests
Panasiuk Katarzyna, Kyzioł Lesław, Hajdukiewicz Grzegorz
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2019
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nr 57 (129)
73--78
EN
Layered composites are materials that are widely used in industry due to their low manufacturing costs. They are used, among others, as a construction material for the construction of light aircraft, cars, wind turbine blades and the hulls of vessels. The universality of their use has contributed to the formation of a large amount of post-production and post-use waste from these composites. Layered composites, using recycled polyester and glass, or recycled composite waste, may be materials that could be used in the economy. The polyester-glass waste used in the composite was created by crushing and then grinding and sieving to obtain the appropriate granulation. Materials with a waste content of 0%, 10%, 20% and with granulation of this waste of ≤ 1.2 mm were made using the hand lamination method. Test specimens were prepared from the material plates that were obtained in accordance with the PN-EN ISO 179-1: 2010E standard (Plastics – Charpy Impact Assessment – Part 1: Non-instrumental impact test). Impact tests of samples were carried out according to the above-mentioned standards using a Zwick Roell RKP450 swinging hammer. Test bench instrumentation and software enabled the bending forces to be recorded, as well as the deflection of the samples for short time intervals and displacement, so a detailed force-deflection graph could be obtained. During the analysis, the results of the research were focused on describing the kinetics of the process where the samples were destroyed (fracture mechanics), this allowed for the initial determination of the material’s resistance to dynamic loads. The results obtained showed that the increase of the recycled content in the produced composite contributed to the lowering of the destructive force threshold in the impact tests, as well as the simultaneous increase of the plasticity of the material. The increase of the sample’s deflection with the occurrence of the maximum force resulted in the energy of the elastic state being increased (Ue).
7
Content available remote The use of acoustic emission signal (AE) in mechanical tests
Panasiuk Katarzyna, Kyzioł Lesław, Dudzik Krzysztof
Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
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2019
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R. 95, nr 11
8--11
EN
The article presents the possibilities of using the acoustic emission signal in mechanical tests. A static tensile test of the polyester-glass composite samples was carried out with simultaneous recording of the acoustic emission signal generated in the loaded material by means of a connected piezoelectric sensor (PAC system). The acoustic waves created inside the loaded material were processed by a sensor placed directly on the sample and recorded in the form of a digital signal in the recording device. This signal was subjected to further processing and the RMS values were plotted as a function of time, the obtained graphs were applied to stretching curves. Comparison of RMS and tensile plots allows for very accurate identification of processes occurring in the structure of the tested material subjected to loading.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania sygnału emisji akustycznej w badaniach mechanicznych. Przeprowadzono statyczną próbę rozciągania próbek z kompozytu poliestrowo-szklanego z jednoczesną rejestracją sygnału emisji akustycznej generowanego w obciążanym materiale za pomocą podłączonego czujnika piezoelektrycznego (system PAC). Fale akustyczne powstałe we wnętrzu obciążanego materiału zostały przetworzone przez czujnik umieszczony bezpośrednio na próbce i zarejestrowane w formie sygnału cyfrowego w urządzeniu rejestrującym. Sygnał ten poddany został dalszej obróbce i na jego podstawie sporządzono wykresy wartości skutecznej sygnału elektrycznego (RMS) w funkcji czasu, uzyskane wykresy naniesiono na krzywe rozciągania. Porównanie wykresów RMS i rozciągania pozwala na bardzo dokładną identyfikację procesów zachodzących w strukturze badanego materiału poddanego obciążeniu.
8
Content available Effect of the recyclate on a deflection of composites in bending
Panasiuk Katarzyna, Kyzioł Lesław, Hajdukiewicz Grzegorz
Journal of KONES
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2019
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Vol. 26, No. 4
197--203
EN
The aim of the research was to determine the effect of polyester-glass recyclate on the deflection of composite samples subjected to three-point bending. The polyester-glass recyclate was obtained from the part of the ship’s hull made of polyester-glass composite, constituting scrap metal. The pieces of scrap were pre-fragmented and then processed into a prepared stand for this purpose. Such a fragmented recycling will be used to make composites with different scrap / recycled content. For this purpose, research materials were made using the vacuum bag method with the percentage of 0%, 10% and 20% recyclate) as well as various granulation (i.e. 1.2 mm and 3.0 mm). The research material consisted of rectangular plates with a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the samples. The samples for testing were made by water cutting. The tests were carried out on a suitably prepared stand, which was made of a universal Zwick Roell testing machine and three-point bending handles and a dial indicator. The spacing of the supports has been determined in accordance with the binding standard for three-point bending. Obtained results from tests, i.e. strain, stress, deflection, deformation allowed analysing the impact of recyclate on bending strength and defining the deflection arrow. Based on the results obtained from three-point bending, it can be concluded that the polyester-glass recycling has an influence on the decrease of strength, stress and deflections of the tested composites.
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