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Impact of offshore wind farms on the fauna of the Baltic Sea

Cieślewicz Natalia, Pilarski Krzysztof, Pilarska Agnieszka Anna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 4

1--14

This paper addresses the issues arising from the correlation between upcoming investments in the development of offshore wind energy and the fauna of the Baltic Sea. It presents the challenges related to the construction of offshore wind turbines and the requirements set by the European Union. Information regarding the fauna of the Baltic Sea and the threats to the body of water resulting from human activities is provided. Conclusions are drawn regarding aspects of offshore wind farms (OWFs) that may be harmful to the fauna of the Baltic Sea, as well as those that have a positive impact on animals. Finally, solutions are proposed to mitigate the negative effects of OWFs on the marine environment and enhance their positive impact.

Operation and challenges of biogas technology: A fundamental overview

Pilarski Krzysztof, Pilarska Agnieszka A.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

2024

Vol. 27

281--307

The modern world is facing a huge energy crisis related to the depletion of conventional energy sources. Therefore, obtaining energy from alternative sources is sparking increasing interest, expressed by both scientists and entrepreneurs. One such source is biogas, which has great potential to become, along with wind and solar energy, an important renewable energy source (RES). The development of biogas production should proceed in a sustainable manner, meaning it should be economically stable and minimize negative environmental impacts. Its goal is to create efficient and eco-friendly energy solutions – largely based on the use of organic waste – that support a circular economy and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving these conditions, however, requires addressing technical challenges, which often include the need to optimize biomass processing and invest in new technologies, issues with substrate heterogeneity, gas management and purification, digestate management, as well as infrastructure and scalability concerns. Sustainable biogas development thus requires solutions to these technical and infrastructure challenges, as well as support from policy and local communities.