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Environmental emissions dispersion modelling, principles and algorithms; cross-border CZ-PL course for master’s students

Štěpánek Vladimír, Kříž Jan, Hyšplerová Lidmila, Keder Josef, Ziembik Zbigniew, Lyčka Antonín

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

2022

R. 27, NR 1-2

165--181

Regular mathematical modelling of the dispersion of emissions from large sources is required by law in all EU countries. It is also used in risk analysis to predict releases of toxic substances from various technologies, from volcanic activity and possibly also terrorist acts. However, there is a shortage of experts in this very specific and demanding profession in the labour market in most EU countries. In a collaboration between academicians from neighbouring University of Hradec Králové and University of Opole and experts from important ecological companies of both regions we designed and verified as a part of a four-year pedagogical project supported by the EU a comprehensive education system in mathematical modelling of emission dispersion with exchange field trips and internships of students during cross-border Polish-Czech university education. The paper consists of two separate parts. The first part is focused on implementation of innovative lesson ”Principles, algorithms, and differences of environmental dispersion emissions models”, used on both sides of Polish-Czech border region. An example of the use of the educational package of the Gaussian plume model with PC Templates, who was modified in cooperation between teachers from both cross-border universities and experts from professional companies is presented here too. Our four-year experience with student motivational field trips to professional companies in both border regions and exchange one-month professional internships for interested students to two Czech professional companies, where students learn to work with to the Gaussian plume model and one Polish professional company, where students are introduced to the Gaussian puff model is also discussed. The following separate second part will be focused on the innovative lesson of multivariate statistical methods of environmental data analysis, which are required for processing materials for modern mathematical modelling of the dispersion of emissions in practice. The target users of this two-part innovative courses are students of the MSc degree in Physical Measurement and Modelling at the University of Hradec Králové and students of the MSc degree in environmental studies at the University of Opole. However, it is also open to other Czech and foreign students and professionals.

Bacillus subtilis BS-2 and peppermint oil as biocontrol agents against Botrytis cinerea

Grata Katarzyna, Rombel-Bryzek Agnieszka, Ziembik Zbigniew

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2019

Vol. 26, nr 3

597--607

The purpose of this study was to assess the activity of Bacillus subtilis BS-2 and peppermint oil against Botrytis cinerea. In this study parameters such as the age and the density of the bacterial culture and the incubation temperature were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the cellulolytic activity of the bacterium was determined. The effect of peppermint oil was evaluated at a concentration range of 0.5-4.0 %. The research was conducted with a dual culture plate method. The influence of B. subtilis BS-2 and peppermint oil on the growth of B. cinerea was evaluated based on the growth rate index. It was noted that the bacterial culture occurred at an initial density of OD 560 = 1.0, cultivated at 30 °C for 48 hours demonstrated the strongest antagonistic effect (57.07 % inhibition). Furthermore, it was observed that the highest cellulolytic activity occurred on the bacteria incubated for 48 hours at 37 °C. The effect of mint oil, at the lowest concentration of 0.5-1.0 %, was much weaker on bacterial activity (1.1-12.1 % inhibition). The highest concentration (4.0 %) of mint oil caused the maximum inhibition (31.9 %) of the mycelial growth. B. subtilis BS-2 may be environmental-friendly alternatives for protecting plants against B. cinerea.

Morphology and composition of particulate matter in the air of urban area

Loskot Jan, Kumar D. Kishore, Komárek Jan, Sajdlová Světlana, Křiž Jan, Ziembik Zbigniew

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

2019

Vol. 26, nr 1-2

59--71

Atmospheric pollution by particulate matter has become increasingly important in recent years, because it was found that these airborne particles have various adverse effects on the environment and human health. To extend the knowledge of such pollutants, detailed characterization of sizes, morphology and chemical composition of individual airborne particles is desired. In the presented research, the air microparticles were taken from discarded fiberglass tape filters which are commonly used in MP101M continuous suspended particulate analysers to determine the mass concentration of the particulate matter. These samples, which were collected in Kutna Hora (Czech Republic), were studied using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Based on microscopic photographs, various geometrical parameters (Feret’s diameter, perimeter, cross-section surface area, circularity, aspect ratio, roundness and solidity) of 237 particles were assessed, while the spectroscopy measurements revealed elemental composition of these particles. Statistical evaluation of the measured data was done using the methods of principal component analysis and compositional data analysis. By these methods, certain relationships among the geometrical parameters and the content of chemical elements in the particles were found. This research also demonstrated that the fiberglass air filters can easily be reused to gain additional information about airborne particles in various places at any time. The character of the particles can also provide information about a possible source of contamination.

Zanieczyszczenie powietrza przez pył zawieszony (PM) staje się w ostatnich latach coraz bardziej znaczące. Stwierdzono, że unoszące się w powietrzu cząsteczki niosą różne niekorzystne skutki dla środowiska i zdrowia ludzkiego. Aby poszerzyć wiedzę na temat takich zanieczyszczeń, pożądana jest szczegółowa charakterystyka rozmiarów, morfologii i składu chemicznego poszczególnych cząstek zawieszonych w powietrzu. W prezentowanych badaniach mikrocząsteczki powietrza zostały pobrane z filtrów taśmowych z włókna szklanego, które są powszechnie stosowane w analizatorach cząstek stałych MP101M. Próbki zostały zebrane w Kutnej Horze (Republika Czeska), były badane metodami skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej i spektroskopii rentgenowskiej z rozpraszaniem energii. Na podstawie zdjęć mikroskopowych oceniono różne parametry geometryczne (m.in. średnicę Fereta, obwód, powierzchnię przekroju poprzecznego, krągłość, współczynnik kształtu) 237 cząstek, a pomiary spektroskopowe pozwoliły na określenie składu pierwiastkowego tych cząstek. Statystyczną ocenę otrzymanych wyników wykonano metodami analizy głównych składowych i metodami analizy zmiennych złożonych. Stwierdzono istnienie pewnych zależności pomiędzy parametrami geometrycznymi a zawartością pierwiastków chemicznych w cząstkach. Badania te wykazały również, że filtry powietrza z włókna szklanego mogą być z łatwością ponownie wykorzystane do uzyskania dodatkowych informacji o cząstkach zawieszonych w powietrzu w różnych miejscach w dowolnym czasie. Charakter cząsteczek może również dostarczyć informacji o możliwym źródle zanieczyszczeń.