Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Zastosowanie analizy mikromorfologicznej w badaniach gleb i osadów czwartorzędowych

Budek A.

Landform Analysis

|

2010

|

Vol. 12

23-30

PL

Analiza mikromorfologiczna dotyczy głównie opisu i interpretacji komponentów, struktur i cech osadów i gleb o różnej genezie i wieku. Największą zaletą tej metody w badaniu środowiska jest możliwość obserwacji pod mikroskopem próbek o nienaruszonej strukturze. Dlatego też znalazła ona szerokie zastosowanie w naukach przyrodniczych jak geologia, nauki rolnicze, paleogeografia oraz w archeologii.

EN

The micromorphology concern with the description and interpretation of soil components features and fabrics. In this method fundamental is collection of undisturbed blocks with natural arrangement of soil or sediment component. The main aim is an understanding of the processes involved in soil formation, produced by normal force of nature or induced by the human activities. Using image analysis of thin section are definite each proprieties of features, such as the shape, the size, the frequency of appearing and the genesis.

2

Young Quaternary fos sil graben in the Vistulian less AT Brzezie near Kraków (Carpathian Foredeep, south Poland)

Marta Rauch-Włodarska M., Kalicki T., Wojciech Włodarski W., Budek A.

Studia Quaternaria

|

2007

|

Vol. 24

37-45

EN

In this paper we describe a fossil graben and associated normal faults and joints. The graben occurs in the section of the Vistulian (Weichselian) and Holocene sediments in an archaeological excavation site at Brzezie, in the central part of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep (Wieliczka-Gdów Upland, western part of the Sandomierz Basin). Normal faults strike mostly NNE-SSW and dip steeply about 65 - 850. Some of them, namely master normal faults, bound the fossil graben. The joints form orthogonal pattern and are closely spaced close to the faults. They developed simultaneously with faulting. Normal faulting took place during the Vistulian - Mesoholocene (Neoholocene?) time, according to age of the archaeological artefacts which were found in the faulted sediments. The faulting was probably finished during the Neolithic or even later, during the Bronze Age. The NNE-striking normal faults connected with graben formation could have been produced by reactivation of a NE-striking sinistral regional fault in the basement.

3

Mikromorfologiczne cechy pokryw glebowych obszaru o najwyższych opadach na świecie - Cherrapunji, Wyżyna Meghalaya, Indie

Budek A., Prokop P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2005

|

Vol. 53, nr 4

293--298

EN

The paper presents the results of micromorphological analyses concerning soil covers near Cherrapunji with mean annual rainfall of 12 000 mm. Two soil profiles representing typical land use: grass formation (Cherrapunji–1) and natural evergreen forest (Cherrrapunji–2) have been choosen. Processes leading to formation of Dystric Cambisols predominate in both profiles. However they have different weathering features. Soil cover under grass has more weathered quartz and contains less feldspars compared to soil cover in the forest area. Soils are characterized also by a large volume of pores which is typical for the tropical humid areas. The rapid infiltration of large amounts of water protects forest soil from surficial erosion. In case of soils under grass vegetation, micropores are filled with fresh organic matter (fine roots and plants tissue). Since both profiles are located on similar substratum (Paleogene sandstones) and under the same climatic conditions, it is assumed that the micromorphological differences are due to long-term (several centuries) differences in local land use.

4

Mikromorfologia utworów pyłowych w profilu Kończyce (Kotlina Oświęcimska)

Budek A., Drewnik M., Kacprzak A.

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

|

2004

|

nr 409

63-73

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mikromorfologicznych sześciometrowej serii osadów pyłowych, budującej górną część profilu osadów czwartorzędowych, odsłaniających się w żwirowni w Kończycach w południowej części Kotliny Oświęcimskiej. Celem badań była próba stwierdzenia, czy w profilu występują kopalne poziomy glebowe. Przeprowadzono analizy mikromorfologiczne na płytkach cienkich wykonanych z próbek o nienaruszonej strukturze, reprezentujących poziomy różniące się makroskopowo. Stwierdzono występowanie ilastych nacieków o różnym wykształceniu i stopniu zachowania, mogących reprezentować trzy generacje stref iluwiacji, w tym współczesną. W profilu stwierdzono liczne efekty działalności plejstoceńskich procesów mrozowych. Stwierdzono także wyraźne i liczne ślady działania glejowych procesów redukcyjnych, prawdopodobnie związanych z pedogenezą. W świetle przedstawionych wyników badań wydaje się, że w omawianym profilu zachowały się pozostałości dwóch generacji kopalnych gleb płowych. Ze względu na silny wpływ procesów glejowych i diagenetycznych określenie ich wieku jest jednak trudne i wymaga dalszych badań.

EN

The paper presents the results of micromorphological analyses concerning the 6 m thick series of silty material constituting the upper part of the profile of the Quaternary sediments exposed in the gravel pit at Kończyce in the southern part of Oświęcim Basin. The aim of the study was an attempt to investigate if any buried soil horizons occur in the profile. The micromorphological analyses were performed on thin sections made from undisturbed soil samples representing horizons that varied macroscopically. The occurrence of clay coatings of different development and preservation was observed. The coatings represent three illuviation zones, including the contemporaneous, Holocene soil. Numerous effects of the action of Pleistocene frost processes were described. Prominent and common effects of the action of redox processes, probably simultaneous with pedogenesis, were also described. In the light of the presented results, it seems possible to state that two generations of buried Albeluvisols can be observed in the profile. Due to the strong influence of gleyic and diagenetic processes, the determination of the age of paleosols in the studied profile is difficult and calls for further research.

5

Analiza strat egzergii jako podstawa usprawnień układu chłodzenia gazów pirolitycznych w instalacji olefinowej

Budek A., Markowski M.

Inżynieria Chemiczna i Procesowa

|

2002

|

T. 23, z. 2

277-290

EN

Olefin pyrolysis is the example of cracking under very high temperature, where mixtures of gases are obtained. The gases are then separated in a cryogenic system. Whilst the process of pyrolysis takes place under 900 degree C, the separation is processed even below -100 degree C. The cost of obtaining so low temperature is very expensive in olefin plant. The temperatures below ambient are obtained in propylene refrigeration system - four levels of temperature (the lowest temperature is -40 degree C, Fig.2) and ethylene refrigeration system . three temperature levels (the lowest temperature is -102 degree C, Fig.3). These propylene and ethylene systems have been analysed using Pinch Point Technology method. Exergy analysis has been also used. The maximum heat regeneration in thermodynamic system as well as the minimum consumption of external energy and minimum waste heat have been obtained.Input data (heat capacity, inlet and target temperatures, mass flow, etc.) of 59 process streams (tab.1) and 8 utility streams (tab.2) have been collected. UCC curves have been obtained and used in exergy analysis of the existing cryogenic system for olefin plant. Four variants with regard to the assumed number of the temperature levels have been defined. Adopting entropy increase and exergy loss as the objective function, temperature values (at the individual levels) corresponding to the minimum of objection function were determined for each variant (tab. 3 and tab. 4). The exergetic efficiency of refrigeration systems as well as the decrease in power of turbines driving the expanders of propylene and ethylene refrigeration systems have been calculated. The decrease 5.6/13.5 % in exergy loss as well 2.2/5.2% in power consumption have been obtained for the analysed variants (tab.5).