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The possibilities of the environmental use of bottom sediments from the silted inlet zone of the Rożnów Reservoir

Tarnawski M., Baran A., Koniarz T., Wyrębek M., Grela J., Piszczek M., Koroluk A.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

335--344

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the properties of bottom sediments from the inlet zone of the Rożnów Reservoir (South Poland) and to analyse the potential possibilities to use them for environmental purposes. The inlet zone of the reservoir is particularly intensely shallowed by means of the silts of the Dunajec River. A total of 20 samples were collected from the designated cross-sections. In air-dry samples of the sediments, granulometric composition, pH electrolytic conductivity (EC), sorption properties, organic carbon carbonates and macroelements content were determined. Bottom sediments from the Rożnów Reservoir indicate a great potential possibility to use them for environmental purposes (agriculture, reclamation). However, in order to fully evaluate the possibility of bottom sediment management, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the ecological risk related to the content of heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs and to evaluate their eco-toxicity. Moreover, the main barriers to the environmental application of bottom sediments are a lack of appropriate legislation.

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The application of the germination index in the assessment of the phytotoxicity of bottom sediments from the Rybnik Reservoir

Szara M., Baran A., Tarnawski M., Koniarz T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2017

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Vol. 43, no. 4

327--333

EN

The aims of the study were to assess the phytoxicity of bottom sediments collected from the Rybnik Reservoir. The water reservoir in Rybnik is located in the Silesian Voivodeship. The reservoir constitutes a part of the technological chain of Elektrownia Rybnik S.A. as a direct receiver of industrial and rainwater sewage, sewage from a water treatment plant, blowdowns from cooling towers, and as an essential source of cooling water. Sediment samples were collected with an Eckman sampler from 33 locations. The toxicity of bottom sediments was determined using the Phytotoxkit direct contact test, carried out for 3 plants: Sorghum saccharatum, Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum. On the basis of the data received, the germination index (GI) was calculated. We found the mean value of the germination index indicated the dominance of the inhibitory effect of bottom sediments on plant growth. Sorghum saccharatum was the most sensitive to pollutants in sediments, while Lepidium sativum was the least sensitive. The Phytotoxkit is a good tool for assessing the toxicity of bottom sediments.

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Agricultural use of sediments from narożniki reservoir - yield and concentration of macronutrients and trace elements in the plant

Baran A., Tarnawski M., Koniarz T., Jasiewicz C.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr IV/1

1217--1228

EN

The aim of study was to assess the effect of bottom sediments on the concentration of macronutrients (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca) and trace elements (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu) in the plant test. The experimental design comprised 6 treatments: soil (control), soil + 5% of sediment, soil +10% of sediment, soil + 30% of sediment, soil + 50% of sediment and sediment (100%) in relation to the soil dry mass. The test plant - maize was harvested after 70 days of vegetation. Bottom sediment added to soil had a positive effect on maize biomass in the lowest dose, i.e. 5%. Higher doses of the sediment caused a reduction in maize yield. Bottom sediment positively affected concentration of nutrients: N, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn, Ni, Cu of maize shoots. However, the shoot biomass did not meet for fodder with respect to quality. Applied bottom sediment, has high content of sandy fractions, acid reaction and low concentration of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, can not be used as a fertilizer. Using bottom sediment from Narożniki reservoir in plant cultivation, one should take into consideration a necessity of application of supplementary NPK fertilization due to low concentration of these elements both in the bottom sediment and maize yield.

4

Ocena zawartości i przestrzennego rozmieszczenia ołowiu w osadach dennych zbiornika Rzeszów

Koniarz T., Baran A., Tarnawski M.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

9195--9201, CD3

PL

Celem pracy była ocena zawartości i rozkładu przestrzennego ołowiu w osadach dennych zbiornika Rzeszów. Analizowany zbiornik jest jednym z niewielu zbiorników w Polsce zlokalizowanym w obszarze miejskim, zurbanizowanym. Zawartość ołowiu w osadach dennych wahała się od 7,00 do15,85 mg • kg-1. Największą zawartość ołowiu zaobserwowano w środkowej części zbiornika. Badane osady nie są zanieczyszczone ołowiem.

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the content and spatial distribution of lead in sediments collected from Rzeszów reservoir. Rzeszow reservoir is one of the few reservoirs in Poland located in urban areas. Content of lead in bottom sediments ranged from 7.00 do15.85 mg • kg-1. The highest lead content in sediment was observed in the middle part of the reservoir. The studied sediments are not contaminated with lead.

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The effect of bottom sediment supplement on changes of soil properties and on the chemical composition of plants

Tarnawski M., Baran A., Koniarz T.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 3

285--292

EN

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of bottom sediments on the selected properties of light soil as well as the content of trace elements in tested plants. The bottom sediments collected from the Besko reservoir were added to the soil in an amount of 5%, 10%, 30% and 50% of air-dried sediment, in relation to dry soil mass. The pot experiment was conducted on a light soil, with weak loamy sand grain size composition and slightly acid reaction, which was enriched with a supplement of bottom sediment. The test plant was a maize, Bora c.v. An applied bottom deposit revealed in its composition a considerable content of clay fractions, alkaline reaction and low total heavy metal content. Therefore, it may be applied as an admixture to light soils to improve their productivity. The addition of sediment to light soil resulted in the improvement of acidification in soil indicators: increased soil pH and reduced value of hydrolytic acidity, as well as improved sorption properties. A non-uniform effect of bottom sediment admixture on the content of trace elements in maize was determined. The sediment added to the soil increased the content of copper, nickel, chromium and, decreased the contents of zinc and cadmium in shoots. We did not find any excess of the permissible content of metals in plants used as animals forage in the maize biomass.

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Mercury contamination of bottom sediments in water reservoirs of southern Poland

Koniarz T., Tarnawski M., Baran A., Florencka N.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 2

169--175

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the mercury concentration in bottom sediments, collected from eight reservoirs located in south-eastern Poland. A DMA-80 Mercury Analyser was used for the analysis of the concentration of mercury in bottom sediments. Concentration of mercury in sediments was between 0.01–0.18 mg∙kg−1. The research results show that 13 samples are above the Polish Hg background level. Only 9 samples are below the background level. Generally, the sediments belonged to class I and II (unpolluted and moderately polluted sediments). The concentration of mercury in bottom sediments follows the order: Rybnik (highest) > Bagna Rzeszowskie > Rzeszów > Ożanna > Brzóza Stadnicka > Brzóza Królewska > Głuchów > Narożniki (lowest). The low mercury content in sediments is related to absent or limited anthropogenic sources of this metal. Elevated concentrations of Hg in bottom sediments of the reservoirs in Rybnik and Bagna Rzeszowskie are related to their proximity to large agglomerations and industrial plants. Organic matter was likely to be the most important factors controlling the concentration and distribution of mercury in the studied sediments.

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Content of Lead in Bottom Sediments of the Water Reservoir Located in Urban Areas

Koniarz T., Tarnawski M., Baran A.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 4

4445--4453, CD6

EN

Lead is one of the more serious pollutants in aquatic ecosystem due to its toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation problems. The aim of this study was assessment sources, content, and spatial distribution of Pb in sediments collected from a Rybnik reservoir in the conditions of anthropomixion. The total Pb concentration in the sediments was between 35,69 and 136,76 mg ∙ kg-1 d.w. The highest Pb concentration in the sediments was found in inlet part of the Rybnik reservoir. The analysis showed that bottom sediments of the Rybnik reservoir are moderately contaminated with lead, which is generally an effect of intensive anthropopression of the area where reservoirs are located. Elevated concentration of lead is also associated with high organic matter content in sediments.

PL

Ołów jest jednym z istotnych zanieczyszczeń ekosystemu wodnego, ponieważ odznacza się toksycznością, trwałością oraz nie ulega biodegradacji w środowisku. Głównym celem niniejszej pracy było określenie źródeł i zawartości ołowiu oraz jego rozkładu przestrzennego w osadach dennych pobranych ze zbiornika wodnego Rybnik. Zawartości ołowiu w osadach dennych była zróżnicowana, uzależnione od miejsca poboru próbek osadu, Średnia zawartość ołowiu w osadach mieściła się w przedziale od 35,69 do 136,79 mg ∙ kg-1 s.m. Największą zawartość Pb stwierdzono w osadach w części wlotowej zbiornika. Badania wykazały umiarkowane zanieczyszczenie ołowiem osadów dennych zbiornika Rybnik, czego powodem może być miejskie zagospodarowanie i intensywna antropopresja zlewni rzeki Ruda.

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Zamulenie jako czynnik ograniczający zasoby wodne zbiorników małej retencji

Michalec B., Tarnawski M., Koniarz T.

Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture

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2013

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z. 60, nr 3

129--142

PL

Zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi w małych zlewniach opierać się musi na informacjach hydrologicznych a także eksploatacyjnych obiektów hydrotechnicznych. Informacja o stanie zamulenia zbiorników wodnych a często i rozmieszczenia osadów w ich czaszy jest istotna dla właściwego funkcjonowania obiektów. Pomiarami zamulenia objęto dwa zbiorniki: zbiornik Cierpisz, na rzece Tuszymce i zbiornik Brzóza Królewska na potoku Tarlaka. Obydwa zbiorniki zlokalizowane są w małych zlewniach rolniczych. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki pomiarów zamulania, umożliwiły podjęcie próby oceny zastosowania metod Christofano, Ortha-Šamova i Rooseboom-Annandale i opracowania prognozy zamulania. Obliczona na podstawie przeprowadzonych pomiarów objętość sedymentu zdeponowana w zbiorniku wodnym Cierpisz w latach 2009 i 2011 wynosiła odpowiednio 8,75 i 9,47 tys. m3, a w zbiorniku Brzóza Królewska w latach 2010 i 2012 jest odpowiednio równa 3,36 i 3,55 tys. m3. Przyrost odkładów między pomiarami w zbiornikach wyniósł 2,1% w Cierpiszu i 0,35% w Brzózie Królewskiej. Obliczona prognoza wykazała zmniejszenie pojemności zbiorników Cierpisz i Brzóza Królewska o 50% co nastąpi odpowiednio po upływie 40 i 110 lat. Stwierdzono, że metoda Christofano umożliwia jedynie określenie ogólnego trendu rozmieszczenia rumowiska w małym zbiorniku wodnym, a rozbieżności wyników wykluczają stosowanie metody Ortha-Shamova. Wykazano, że istnieje możliwość zastosowania metody Roseboom–Annadale’a do prognozowania rozmieszczenia osadów w małych zbiornikach wodnych, lecz określenie warunków jej stosowania wymaga dodatkowych badań.

EN

The management of water resources in small water reservoirs has to be based on hydrological information as well as information obtained from exploitation of hydrotechnical objects. The information concerning silting and sediment distribution is important to both the water reservoir and the hydrotechnical objects, including the way they work and are utilized. The measurements of silting were carried out in two reservoirs: Cierpisz on the Tuszymka river and Brzóza Królewska on the Tarlaka stream. The results of silting measurements presented in the paper, enabled the attempt to evaluate the applicability of Christofano, Orth-Šamov and Rooseboom-Annandale methods and to develop silting forecasts. Based on the calculated forecast it was demonstrated that the capacity of Cierpisz and Brzóza Królewska reservoirs will be reduced by 50% after 40 and 110 years, respectively. It was found that the Christofano method enables only the identification of a general trend of sediment deposition in a small reservoir and the discrepancies between results exclude the application of the Orth-Shamov method. It has been demonstrated that it is possible to apply the Roseboom–Annadale method to forecast the sediment distribution in small reservoirs, but additional research is required to define the conditions of its application. The measurements of silting were carried out in two reservoirs: Cierpisz on the Tuszymka river and Brzóza Królewska on the Tarlaka stream. This reservoir is characterized by agricultural character of the river basin.