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EN
This scientific article delves into the intricacies of wind flow's impact on multi-storey buildings, presenting results from a series of experimental investigations. The research encompasses an examination of wind interactions with buildings of varying heights and geometric profiles. Furthermore, it unveils the effects of tall structures on the natural ventilation and smoke evacuation systems of shorter edifices, considering different wind flow directions. The study leverages specialized wind tunnel and measurement techniques for a comprehensive analysis of wind-induced loads on buildings. The acquired insights furnish crucial input for the design of single-story temporary modular constructions within densely populated urban areas, subject to wind-induced stresses. Additionally, they hold potential applicability in the advancement of energy-efficient technologies and strategies within the realm of construction. The acquired dataset underscores the criticality of scrutinizing wind flow's impact on structures of varied typologies and dimensions and will allow to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of modern buildings in the future.
EN
The energy efficiency of ventilation systems is very important. The city of Kryvyi Rih in the Dnipropetrovs’k region of Ukraine has a humid continental climate with an average daily temperature of -6.3°C during its coldest month. Consequently, it is necessary to find methods to improve the energy efficiency of ventilation systems. One of the most effective ways to reduce energy consumption in ventilation systems is to use energy-saving technologies to maintain the microclimate of buildings, including the use of recuperators and devices based on renewable energy sources.
EN
The proposed Trombe wall design is an innovative and effective solution for addressing issues related to building energy efficiency. The Trombe wall can help reduce a building’s energy consumption, provide optimal indoor temperature, and minimize the building’s environmental impact by utilizing renewable energy sources. The article deals with the study of the heat-air characteristics of the Trombe Wall, which performs the functions of external protection of a modular house, with the aim of further evaluating the possibility of using it as a hybrid protection with additional heating and ventilation functions assigned to it. The results of experimental research conducted on one of the elements of external protection of a modular house in the form of the Trombe Wall are presented. The experimentally obtained graphic dependences were compared with the calculated data and the convergence was evaluated. The proposed design allows you to organize air exchange in the premises with a multiplicity within 1-1.5 h-1, and also provides an opportunity to provide additional thermal power in the amount of 250 W/m2. The article presents the results of experimental studies that allow to evaluate the thermal characteristics of the proposed design of external protection for a modular house. These results indicate that with the given geometric dimensions, in particular with a volume of 14 m3, the thermal power utilized by the Trombe wall is within 0.2-0.7 kW.
EN
Heat pumps are known as zero-emission heating and cooling devices at the point of energy production. In order to exploit their advantages, they are combined with low-temperature heating systems. Using the example of a residential building in five climatic zones in Poland and one in Ukraine, systems analyses were carried out, in which heat into rooms is supplied in two different ways: low-temperature radiators and thermally active ceilings. The energy demand for heating, cooling and domestic hot water preparation was calculated. The seasonal coefficient of performance of the ground source heat pump was estimated to compare the systems. The results of the analysis confirmed that the thermo-active ceiling (with a flow temperature of 35°C) ensures a lower final energy demand when it works throughout the year in the heating and natural cooling mode compared to the low-temperature radiators (with a flow temperature of 45°C) which facilitate only the heating mode in the heating season. Performance analysis demonstrated differences in final electric energy demand from 8% in the I climatic zone to 9% in the V climatic zone in Poland and 10% in Ukraine.
EN
The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of increasing the efficiency of air distribution by swirled-compact air jets to ensure the normative parameters of indoor air. The dynamic parameters of the swirled-compact air jet during its leakage in the alternating mode and the formation of a dynamic indoor climate in the room are determined. For improvement of comfortable conditions in the room and design of energy saving circuits of air distribution it is suggested to use swirled-compact air jets, which flow from the inflow and exhaust heat recuperators with heat recovery of the exhaust air. An energy audit of the ventilation system reconstruction with a recuperator using was carried out. The method of taking into account the fact of application of several measures, which cannot be carried out simultaneously, and discount rate dynamics is proposed.
EN
The possibility of using modular buildings for residential and public needs is considered. Due to the peculiarities of technology and the use of thermal insulation materials, such structures are erected in a short time with the help of ready-made modules, characterized by their simplicity and speed of installation. The results of the multi-criteria analysis are presented in the form of petal diagrams and diagrams of global priorities.
EN
The paper deals with innovative technologies for maintaining the microclimate in energyefficient buildings through ventilation systems. A detailed analysis of scientific publications on studies of soil heat exchangers, in particular their efficiency and features of application in microclimate systems, has been carried out. A schematic diagram of an air conditioning system with a soil heat exchanger has been given. Analytical and graphical dependences for determining the cooling efficiency of air supply in a heat exchanger for the warm period of the year in temperate climates have been presented.
8
Content available Solar collectors integrated into transparent facades
EN
Due to the fact that the number of natural disasters in the world has increased in recent years, experts note that climate change is the cause. As a consequence of the nature of the needs to improve the fuel and energy complex in the countries in world. This solution could be solar energy and similar energy sources. The paper presents the classification of energy-efficient houses proposed by international standards and its critical analysis. Emphasis is placed on the problem of improving solar collectors integrated into the construction of buildings. The paper presents the temperature characteristics of an experimental solar collector. For the experimental solar collector combined with the translucent facade of the building, thermal characteristics are set, in particular, such as thermal capacity and thermal efficiency.
9
EN
The assumptions used in the calculation methods for housing heating costs are described in this paper. The results of calculations are influenced by the values of coefficients related to the location of flats in a building. A technical contradiction, a reversed technical contradiction and a physical contradiction were formulated. Based on the indicated inventive principles, the calculation methods for individual heating costs were analysed.
EN
This paper presents the analysis of existing forms of heat absorbing surfaces of air solar collectors, which gained the greatest popularity in the world. The obtained data allowed to conclude that there is a need for the development of solar collectors with air as a coolant with an improved form of heat absorber, which will reduce the operational and capital costs of solar systems and allow the efficient use of such structures in a moderate climate without additional mechanisms for the transfer of coolant. The use of computer simulation helped to compare the thermal characteristics of air-borne solar collectors of a different design. The substantiation of the expediency of installing as a heat absorber of flow turbulators in the form of a screw has been fulfilled, as well as the height of the air channel of the solar collector has been determined, in which the maximum heating of the transfer medium is observed. In addition, the loss of pressure in the air channel of the solar collector with flow turbulators was determined and the comparison of the obtained data with the values of pressure losses in the air collector of the matrix type and the air collector with V-shaped ribs was made.
EN
The article deals with modern energy-efficient systems for providing the microclimate of energy-saving buildings, consisting of geothermal ventilation with ground heat exchangers. The results of modern scientific research in this field are described. A schematic diagram of a geothermal ventilation system based on Rehau equipment is presented and a system of balance equations for the heat exchanger process in a ground heat exchanger is made, as well as analytical and graphical dependencies for determining the heat exchanger thermal efficiency for temperate climate conditions.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy nowoczesnych energooszczędnych systemów zapewniających właściwe warunki mikroklimatu budynków energooszczędnych, składających się z wentylacji geotermalnej z gruntowymi wymiennikami ciepła. Opisano wyniki współczesnych badań naukowych w tej dziedzinie. Przedstawiono schemat ideowy geotermicznego systemu wentylacji opartego na sprzęcie Rehau oraz układ równań bilansowych dla procesu wymiany ciepła w gruntowym wymienniku ciepła, a także zależności analityczne i graficzne do wyznaczania wydajności termicznego wymiennika ciepła w umiarkowanych warunkach klimatycznych.
12
Content available Perception of air quality in the selected classroom
EN
This work is focused on monitoring the perception of indoor environment quality in the classroom. The research was carried out within the framework of the authors’ internship at the Lviv Polytechnic in Ukraine in March 2019. The experimental measurements were carried out in the selected teaching class. In this article, there are presented the results of measurements, that were carried over three teaching hours with varying numbers of students. The measurements recorded by the means of measurement devices were: the air temperature, the relative humidity and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the interior of the classroom. At the same time as the objective measurements, a subjective evaluation was conducted. At the beginning and at the end of the lesson, the students and teacher completed the questionnaires about their perception of the internal environment. The results of the subjective assessment were compared with the measured values of the objective evaluation. Completion of the research is oriented on the perception of temperature and smell in the classroom, as well as overall satisfaction with the internal environment of the selected room.
PL
Praca dotyczy monitorowania postrzegania jakości środowiska wewnętrznego w sali dydaktycznej. Badania przeprowadzono w ramach stażu na Politechnice Lwowskiej na Ukrainie w marcu 2019 r. Pomiary eksperymentalne przeprowadzono w wybranej sali dydaktycznej Politechniki Lwowskiej. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów, które zostały przeprowadzone w ciągu trzech godzin dydaktycznych z różną liczbą studentów. Rejestrowane za pomocą urządzeń parametry to: temperatura powietrza, wilgotność względna i stężenie dwutlenku węgla we wnętrzu sali. Równolegle z pomiarami przeprowadzono subiektywną ocenę środowiska. Na początku i na końcu zajęć studenci i nauczyciele wypełnili kwestionariusze dotyczące postrzegania otaczającego środowiska. Wyniki subiektywnej oceny środowiska dokonanej przez studentów porównano ze zmierzonymi wartościami parametrów. Wnioski dotyczą odczuwania temperatury i zapachu w klasie, a także ogólnej satysfakcji z wewnętrznego środowiska wybranego pomieszczenia.
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