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1

Chemical ideas and the development of chemical and petroleum industry on the Polish territory since 1850 to 1920

Mierzecki R.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Nauki Podstawowe

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2014

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R. 111, z. 1-NP

151--158

EN

The information about: 1) the liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen in 1883 in Kraków, 2) the formulation in Lwow of the hypothesis of vegetal origin of crude oil, 3) the discovery of chromatography in 1903 in Warsaw, is given. The situation of chemical industry in the three parts of Poland partitioned among Russia, Germany and Austria is reported. A special attention is paid to the activity of Ignacy Łukasiewicz, who received for the first time in the world the kerosene from the crude oil, constructed and lighted in Lwow pharmacy in March 1853 the kerosene lamp. In 1854 he excavated petroleum shaft in Bóbrka and in 1856 he built a petroleum refinery in Ulaszowice near Jasło, getting ahead of USA, where the first petroleum refinery at Oil Creek was built five years later, in 1861.

PL

W artykule poinformowano o: 1) otrzymaniu w Krakowie w 1883 r. ciekłego tlenu i azotu, 2) sformułowaniu we Lwowie hipotezy roślinnego pochodzenia ropy naftowej, 3) odkryciu w 1903 r. w Warszawie chromatografii. Omówiono sytuację przemysłu chemicznego w trzech częściach Polski podzielonej między Rosję, Niemcy i Austrię. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działalność Ignacego Łukasiewicza, który otrzymał naftę z ropy naftowej, skonstruował i zapalił w marcu 1853 r. w lwowskiej aptece pierwszą w świecie lampę naftową; w 1854 r. wykopał szyb naftowy w Bóbrce, a w 1856 r. zbudował rafinerię ropy naftowej w Ulaszowicach, uprzedzając o pięć lat USA, gdzie pierwsza rafineria w Oil Creek została wybudowana w 1861 r.

2

Jędrzej Śniadecki i ruten

Mierzecki R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2011

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[Z] 65, 5-6

510-527

3

Chemia na wyższych uczelniach na ziemiach polskich w latach 1783-1939

Mierzecki R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2007

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[Z] 61, 7-8

605-623

EN

At the turn of XVIII c. at the Polish territory chemistry was taught at the three universities: in Krakow (lectures in polish), in Wilno (lectures in latin and from 1797 in polish) and in Lwów occupied by Austrian Empire (lectures in german). The lectures in polish had continued in Krakow during the whole XIX c. In Wilno the university was closed by Russian authorities in 1832 after the Polish anti-Russian uprising. The same year the Russian authorities had closed the polish Univer-sity in Warszawa opened in 1816. The other polish University that was active in Warszawa in 1862-1869 was replaced by the Imperial (Russian) Warsaw University that became polish in 1915. At the Lwów German University and the Lwów German Technical Academy (from 1872 Technical University) the lectures of chemistry were given in polish from 1872. After regaining of independence by Poland in 1918 the Wilno University was renewed and a new University in Poznań was organised. The activity of the chemistry chairs at these universities are discussed in the article.

4

Alchemia nowoczesna inaczej

Mierzecki R.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2007

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[Z] 61, 11-12

985-992

EN

The ancient alchemy is characterized as a general philosophy of Middle Age. Its part was the primitive chemistry. The main feature of alchemy was the holistic view on the nature including human beings. In XVII c. the holistic view was replaced by the reductionism introduced by Descartes. Now-a-days we return to the holistic view. In chemistry it is illustrated by the synergism. This is the Modern Alchemy.

5

Wybrane osiągnięcia polskich chemików w chemii i technologii XX wieku

Pollo I., Mierzecki R.

Chemik

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2000

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Nr 9

243-251

6

Stosowanie ropy naftowej w Galicji w XIX w.

Mierzecki R.

Wiek Nafty : zeszyty naukowo-historyczne

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1999

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R. 9, nr 3

5--7