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Analysis of lubricating oil degradation and its influence on brake specific fuel consumption of a light-duty compression-ignition engine running a durability cycle on a test stand

Sala Rafał, Węglarz Kamil, Suchecki Andrzej

Combustion Engines

2023

R. 62, nr 4

109--115

The Euro 6 emission standard requires compliance with tough legal exhaust emissions limits for newly registered vehicles and obligates light-duty vehicle manufacturers to respect the 160,000 km durability requirements for in-service conformity. Although there is no legal limit set for fuel consumption, manufacturers are obligated to decrease the carbon footprint of vehicle fleets in order to obtain carbon neutral mobility beyond 2035. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of various oils’ and viscosity grades’ degradation on the change in break specific fuel consumption (BSFC) measured over a standardized durability test cycle. Each oil candidate underwent 300 h of durability test running performed on a test bed without any oil changes. The purpose of the laboratory test was to reproduce the worst-case operating conditions and degradation process of the long-life engine oil type that can be experienced during extreme real life driving of a vehicle. In order to define the influence of the engine oil deterioration on the BSFC profile, the engine operation parameters were continually monitored throughout the test run. Additionally, chemical analysis of the oil was performed and the solid deposits formed on the turbocharger’s compressor side were evaluated. The test results revealed differences up to 5% in the BSFC values between the oil candidates tested over the durability cycle. The observed BSFC increase was directly related to the decrease in engine efficiency and can cause higher fuel consumption of the engine, which in turn has an adverse effect on environmental protection goals.

Methodology of diesel particulate filter testing on test bed for non-road engine application

Sala Rafał, Kołek Kamil, Konior Witold

Combustion Engines

2022

R. 61, nr 3

72--79

This paper describes the methodology and test results of diesel particulate filter (DPF) functional testing performed on non-road compression ignition engine application installed on test bed. The scope of work included testing of various DPF regeneration strategies, backpressure and balance point tests and emission performance evaluation during a legislative test cycle. The aim of this study was to observe and investigate the influence of raw exhaust gas parameters on DPF functionality in terms of filtration efficiency, soot loading, type and duration of the regeneration and emission performance. Under investigation was the capability of soot burning rate and fuel penalty. The DPF sample under test was part of the complete exhaust aftertreatment system (ATS) which consisted of: a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a DPF and a selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) with urea dosing and ammonia slip catalyst (ASC). Testing was carried out on a heavy-duty diesel engine installed on a test stand with a dynamic dynamometer and equipped with an emission bench. The test program allowed to assess the engine matching to exhaust aftertreatment system with regard to emissions compliance, in-service operation and necessary engine control unit (ECU) calibration works. The results show the influence of the DPF regeneration strategy on its duration and on the soot mass burn rate. Passive DPF regeneration was a favorable mode of DPF cleaning, due to lack of fuel penalty and lower aging impact on the entire ATS. Optimization of soot flow rate, exhaust gas temperature and the chemistry of the DOC/DPF was further recommended to ensure the long-term durability of the entire system.