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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Energy Populus (Poplar) Growing Technology as an Alternative Source of Energy

lys Nadiia, Tkachuk Nadiіa, Butenko Andrii, Kozak Maksym, Polyvanyi Anton, Kovalenko Vitalii, Pylypenko Viktoriia, Andrukh Serhii, Livoshchenko Yevheniia, Livoshchenko Ludmila

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 12

152--157

EN

After conducting research on energy Populus plants, it was discovered that biometric indicators and productivity were affected by both sowing density and nutritional background. The results showed that the tallest energy Populus shoots were observed in the group with a sowing density of 5600 pieces/ha, reaching heights of 11.1–11.6 m. The diameter of the central shoot in this variant was between 157 and 163 mm. The number of shoots was 1.8–2.5 pcs. on 1 plant and 21600–30000 pcs. on 1 hectare. The variant with a sowing density of 6700 units/ha yielded the most energy Populus biomass, specifically 178.3 tons of green mass and 100.9 tons of dry mass per hectare. Compared to the variant with a sowing density of 8300 units/ha, this represented an increase of 19.9 and 11.3 t/ha respectively, and an increase of 18.0 and 10.4 t/ha respectively, when compared to the variant with a sowing density of 5600 units/ha. The utilization of mineral fertilizers was shown to notably enhance productivity, as evidenced by an increase in green mass of 21.1–37.1 t/ha and an increase in dry mass of 11.2–20.6 t/ha across all trial variations. In the Precarpathian region, where sod podzolized soils are prevalent, the optimal sowing density of energy Populus biofuel was determined to be 6700 pcs./ha, with a yield of 110.990 kg/ha achieved through the application of mineral fertilizers. This approach generated an energy output of 1775.8 GJ/ha. In the case of a sowing density of 8300 units/ha and the use of mineral fertilizers, the energy output produced was 1576.9 GJ/ha, whereas sowing density of 5600 units/ha resulted in an energy output of 1591.0 GJ/ha. The introduction of mineral fertilizers led to an increase in energy output ranging from 12.3 to 22.6 GJ/ha for all experimental variants.

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Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Silicon in Ukrainian Phaozems and Chernozems

Tonkha Oksana, Butenko Andrii, Bykova Olga, Kravchenko Yuriy, Pikovska Olena, Kovalenko Vitalii, Evpak Iryna, Masyk Ihor, Zakharchenko Elina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

111--119

EN

This study investigated the spatial variability of the soil silicon content in relation with topography, parent materials, soil texture, soil organic matter, exchangeable cations and pH. Using the experimental data from two longterm sites in the Forest-Steppe area of Ukraine, the SiO2 content was estimated in 60 samples taken from a soil depth 0–25 cm. The accumulation of SiO2 was significantly greater in the soils formed in footslopes. A content of extractable silicon fraction significantly increased from a sandy loam(366–465 mg•kg-1) to medium(670–697 mg•kg-1) and heavy(506–849 mg•kg-1) textured soils. The highest amount of available silicon content was found in the soils containing: 35.0–39.9% of physical clay fraction (< 0.01 mm dia) in Hrytsiv area – 143.0 ± 46 mg•kg-1 and < 25.0% of physical clay fraction in Khrolyn area – 125.0 ±6 mg•kg-1. A significant relationship was found between pHKCl, P2O5, K2O, Mg and both forms of SiO2. There was almost no correlation between available/ extractable SiO2 and exchangeable Ca and ∑ Ca+Mg. Our studies found the best correlation between extractable SiO2 and spring barley yield (r = 0.651; P = 0.041), as well assoluble SiO2 and corn for grain yield (r = 0.514; P = 0.128). No significant relationships were found for sugar beet, winter wheat, sunflower.

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Hydrogen production analysis: prospects for Ukraine

Kovalenko Nataliia, Hutsol Taras, Kovalenko Vitalii, Glowacki Szymon, Kokovikhin Sergii, Dubik Viktor, Mudragel Oleksander, Kuboń Maciej, Tomaszewska-Górecka Wioletta

Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, No. 1

99--114

EN

Over the last few years, hydrogen energy has shifted from a little-studied field to the main one with which leading western countries associate the prospects of their national economies. The reasons are the unprecedented pace of development of hydrogen technologies. It turned out that they are able to provide significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, and thus bring closer the solution to the problem of global climate change. The first and foremost purpose of our investigation is to reveal that our country has ample opportunities to become the main supplier of hydrogen to the EU market, overtaking North Africa in the competition. Using the methods, authors studied the targets of the European funds towards development of energy production from biohydrogen, studied the potential for the implementation of hydrogen projects, possibilities of financing them and a potential ability of Ukraine to form internal and external markets for hydrogen energy. One of the main issues of Ukraine's possible participation in Europe's hydrogen energy program as a supplier and producer of renewable hydrogen is the possibility of its technically safe and cost-effective transportation to EU countries. As a conclusion to the authors’ research, the path of the hydrogen industry development in Ukraine will help to receive additional investments in the Ukrainian economy for creation of new capacities for "green" hydrogen production. In return, Europe will receive research and evolution of the bioenergy component of the economy, which will permit the safe transition of Europeans to an affordable, competitive, and stable energy system.

PL

W ostatnich latach energia pochodząca z wodoru z mało zbadanego obszaru stała się głównym tematem, w którym kraje zachodnie upatrują szansy dla swoich krajowych gospodarek. Wynika to z niesłychanego tempa rozwoju technologii wodorowych. Okazało się, że są one w stanie znacząco zredukować emisję gazów cieplarnianych i w ten sposób przybliżyć rozwiązanie problemu globalnej zmiany klimatu. Pierwszym i najważniejszym celem naszego badania jest wykazanie, że nasz kraj posiada duże możliwości, aby stać się głównym dostawcą wodoru na rynek europejski, wyprzedając w tym północną Afrykę. Przy zastosowaniu metod, autorzy dokonali przeglądu celów europejskich funduszy w kierunku rozwoju produkcji energii z biowodoru, możliwość wprowadzenia projektów wodorowych, możliwości finansowania potencjału Ukrainy do tworzenia wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych rynków energii wodorowej. Jednym z głównych kwestii możliwego udziału Ukrainy w europejskim programie energii wodorowej jako dostawcy i producenta odnawialnego wodoru jest możliwość jego bezpiecznego i opłacalnego transportu do krajów UE. Podsumowując, autorzy stwierdzili, że ścieżka rozwoju przemysłu wodorowego na Ukrainie pozwoli na uzyskanie dodatkowych inwestycji w gospodarce Ukrainy w celu stworzenia nowych możliwości produkcji zielonego wodoru. W zamian Europa otrzyma badania i rozwój nad wodorem, który jest elementem gospodarki. Co z kolei pozwoli na bezpieczne przejście Europejczyków na niedrogi, konkurencyjny i stały system energii.

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Economic efficiency and internal competitive advantages of grain production in the central region of Ukraine

Kovalenko Nataliia, Kovalenko Vitalii, Hutsol Taras, Ievstafiieva Yulia, Polishchuk Anastasiia

Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 25, No. 1

51--62

EN

The paper discusses competitiveness of the agro-industrial sector, which is a multifaceted concept that characterizes its ability to compete in both domestic and foreign markets. Ukraine has significant opportunities to develop the agricultural sector and turn it into a highly efficient branch of economy. Favorable soil and climate conditions, and fertile land contribute to its further development, obtaining agricultural crops in volumes sufficient to meet domestic needs and build export potential. The production process of agricultural goods takes longer than in industry. Therefore, at the stage of determination of the production program of an agricultural enterprise, it is very difficult to respond on time to changes in consumer demand and increase the product competitiveness within the already established production schemes in the markets. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of growing the studied crops in a typical farm in Central Ukraine and offer a roadmap for making management decisions when planning a production program. For this purpose, a method based on calculations of the gross margin, total expenses, production thresholds, profitability, and payback of production factors was chosen.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono rozważania na temat konkurencyjności sektora rolno-przemysłowego, która jest pojęciem wielopłaszczyznowym, które opisuje zdolność konkurowania na rynku krajowym i rynkach zagranicznych. Ukraina posiada istotne możliwości rozwoju sektora rolnego i zamiany go w wysoko wydajną gałąź gospodarki. Korzystne warunki glebowe i klimatyczne oraz żyzna ziemia wpływają na jego dalszy rozwój, uzyskiwanie plonów w ilościach wystarczających na pokrycie potrzeb krajowych i zbudowania potencjału eksportowego. Proces produkcji dóbr rolniczych zajmuje więcej czasu niż w przemyśle. Zatem, na etapie przygotowywania programu produkcyjnego przedsiębiorstwa rolnego, trudno jest w odpowiednim czasie zareagować na zmiany potrzeb klientów i wzrost konkurencyjności produktu w już określonych schematach produkcyjnych na rynkach. Dlatego, celem pracy jest zbadanie efektywności uprawy badanych roślin w typowym gospodarstwie na obszarze centralnej Ukrainy i zaoferowanie planu działania w zakresie podejmowania decyzji kierowniczych podczas ustalania programu produkcyjnego. W tym celu wybrano metodę opartą na obliczaniu marży brutto, wszystkich wydatków, progów produkcyjnych i opłacalności oraz zwrotu czynników produkcyjnych.