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1
Content available Development measures to enhance the ecological safety of ships and reduce operational pollution to the environment
Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Onishchenko Oleg
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2023
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z. 118
195--206
EN
Reduction of ecological risks of shipping is a challenging task that requires methods of legislative and regulatory control, organizational measures, and technical and technological support. Furthermore, the matter concerns not only the reduction of possible risks but also the level of existing impact on the marine environment because of exhaust gas emissions by ships, discharge of waste and ballast water, as well as control of ecological consequences of accidents. The purpose of this study is to analyse possible sources of environmental impact during ship operation cycles, identify significant risks, review existing potentials to reduce the risk of ship accidents and their environmental consequences, and develop solutions to existing problems. This study offers results, which can serve as the initial basis for the formation of comprehensive measures on the reduction of environmental risks, and consequences of possible accidents for the environment caused by ships and international shipping.
2
Content available Technical and operational measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the environmental and energy efficiency of ships
Onishchenko Oleg, Golikov Volodymyr, Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Obertiur Kostiantyn
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2022
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z. 116
223--235
EN
Every year, the dynamics of implementation of projects aimed at improving the efficiency of energy use is gradually increasing at different levels and in different industries. It has spread in the areas of design, modernization and reconstruction of energy-efficient buildings and structures, design and construction of elements of industrial infrastructure, and technological production processes. Introduction of such projects is a priority for enterprises and companies of various types of economic activity. Thus, the leading industries develop strategies to improve environmental safety and energy efficiency - shipping is no exception, where the process of improving energy efficiency is carried out through various mechanisms, ultimately leading to a reduction in emissions of pollutants, but having a negative impact on the performance of the commercial operation of the ship. Problems of ensuring energy efficiency along with increasing requirements for environmental safety of transport and strengthening the responsibility of shipowners become the focus of research of modern theory and practice of operation of means of maritime transport. The issues of improvement of universal principles of energy efficiency within individual shipping companies and development of tools for economic analysis of energy efficiency of own fleet, search for new ways of forming professional competencies of ship crew members in the field of energy efficiency continue to be topical as well.
3
Content available Maritime situational awareness аs a key measure for safe ship operation
Melnyk Oleksiy, Bychkovsky Yuriy, Voloshyn Andrii
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2022
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z. 114
91--101
EN
The maritime industry is a high-risk industry, which constantly has to make decisions in a rapidly changing environment. Therefore, understanding the essence of "situational awareness" is very important for making the right decision. In this regard, it is obvious that a correct situation analysis, based on a theoretical basis, creates the proper prerequisites for making the right decision in a developing situation, and vice versa. Considering this fact, this article proposes to study the factors that influence this phenomenon, their regularities and connections. It presents the data of a survey among seafarers to determine the level of understanding of situational awareness as a predominant component of the human factor in most accidents in the maritime industry.
4
Content available Basic aspects ensuring shipping safety
Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Onishchenko Oleg, Lohinov Oleh, Ocheretna Valentyna, Dovidenko Yurii
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2022
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z. 117
139--149
EN
Widespread use of innovative technologies in all spheres of life has brought the maritime transport industry, in particular, the process of ship navigation, to a completely new qualitative level. Various navigation systems recently introduced and used only as additional devices have gradually become an obligatory element of shipboard equipment and navigation complexes of modern vessels, extending their functionality and capabilities. The human factor influence caused by automation of ship operation processes becomes a separate challenge. Risks to shipping safety and consequences of breach of safety standards for crew, vessel and cargo are far from being a full list of the problems to be solved. This paper offers an overview of general issues of ensuring the level of safety of shipping, by examining the concept of "vessel safety", considering its individual sides, features, as well as constituent aspects of the concept, systematization of the vessel safety structure to develop solutions toward improving the integral safety and optimization of decision-making in emergencies. Achievement of the general purpose of shipping safety thus means the realization of ways of reducing the influence of the human factor on several accidents and an estimation of the degree of influence of a set of factors on a ship during operation.
5
Content available Nature and origin of major security concerns and potential threats to the shipping industry
Melnyk Oleksiy, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Koryakin Kostyantin
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2021
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z. 113
145--153
EN
During the last decades, maritime security has always stood as a separate critical problem for both shipowners and crews of sea-going ships, characterized by alternating periods of relative stability and periods of occurrence and growth of new threats, which proceeded from times of sailing fleet to an epoch of iron steam shipbuilding. Certainly, it is difficult to overestimate the significant role of the scientific community, which has been researching this problem for a long time, studying its scientific and practical sides. The professional experience of seafarers in sufficient measure, served as a basis of interest to this question, has led to the development of strategies and complex measures, which until now provided safety for ships and their crewmembers. Without recent advances in maritime security, shipping as an industry would not be able to reach the current level of reliability in shipping processes. Each generation of humanity has prioritized maritime security, contributing to improving its standards and stressing the importance of continuous development of the theoretical base. At least 23 million tons of cargo and 55,000 passengers move daily by water transport, so the concept of maritime safety applies not only to the safety of life at sea, ship and cargo security but also to the prevention of maritime accidents and pollution. The increasing share of sea and river transport in the international cargo and passenger turnover leads to the need to increase demands on maritime safety and security.
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