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A 3D trabecular bone homogenization technique

Marques Marco Costa, Belinha J., Oliveira A. F., Manzanares Cespedes M.C., Natal Jorge R.M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 3

139--152

Purpose: Bone is a hierarchical material that can be characterized from the microscale to macroscale. Multiscale models make it possible to study bone remodeling, inducing bone adaptation by using information of bone multiple scales. This work proposes a computationally efficient homogenization methodology useful for multiscale analysis. This technique is capable to define the homogenized microscale mechanical properties of the trabecular bone highly heterogeneous medium. Methods: In this work, a morphology-based fabric tensor and a set of anisotropic phenomenological laws for bone tissue was used, in order to define the bone micro-scale mechanical properties. To validate the developed methodology, several examples were performed in order to analyze its numerical behavior. Thus, trabecular bone and fabricated benchmarks patches (representing special cases of trabecular bone morphologies) were analyzed under compression. Results: The results show that the developed technique is robust and capable to provide a consistent material homogenization, indicating that the homogeneous models were capable to accurately reproduce the micro-scale patch mechanical behavior. Conclusions: The developed method has shown to be robust, computationally less demanding and enabling the authors to obtain close results when comparing the heterogeneous models with equivalent homogenized models. Therefore, it is capable to accurately predict the micro-scale patch mechanical behavior in a fraction of the time required by classic homogenization techniques.

An alternative 3D numerical method to study the biomechanical behaviour of the human inner ear semicircular canal

Santos C. F., Belinha J., Gentil F., Parente M., Jorge R. N.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2017

Vol. 19, no. 1

3--15

Purpose: The vestibular system is the part of the inner ear responsible for balance. Vertigo and dizziness are generally caused by vestibular disorders and are very common symptoms in people over 60 years old. One of the most efficient treatments at the moment is vestibular rehabilitation, permitting to improve the symptoms. However, this rehabilitation therapy is a highly empirical process, which needs to be enhanced and better understood. Methods: This work studies the vestibular system using an alternative computational approach. Thus, part of the vestibular system is simulated with a three dimensional numerical model. Then, for the first time using a combination of two discretization techniques (the finite element method and the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method), it is possible to simulate the transient behavior of the fluid inside one of the canals of the vestibular system. Results: The obtained numerical results are presented and compared with the available literature. The fluid/solid interaction in the model occurs as expected with the methods applied. The results obtained with the semicircular canal model, with the same boundary conditions, are similar to the solutions obtained by other authors. Conclusions: The numerical technique presented here represents a step forward in the biomechanical study of the vestibular system, which in the future will allow the existing rehabilitation techniques to be improved.