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Use of butanol, pentanol and diesel in a compression ignition engine: A review

Kumar Deepak, Kumar Naveen, Chaudhary Rajiv

Archives of Thermodynamics

2024

Vol. 45, no. 4

27--35

Using oxygenated alternative fuels in compression ignition (CI) engines is feasible for energy security problems and climate change. Alcohols are regarded as alternative fuels for compression ignition engines because of their excellent physicochemical features, emission, and combustion characteristics. Research on alcohols and their additions has progressed significantly in recent years. Several researchers have examined the combined effect of higher alcohol with diesel and their impact and challenged that concentrations of higher alcohol reduce harmful particulate emissions in CI engines. This paper mainly focused on the performance and emissions properties of higher alcohols like butanol and pentanol. Alcohol has a low energy content, typically affecting engine brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Low-temperature combustion (LTC) in compression ignition engines can lower NOx and smoke emissions, and improve the efficiency of the engine. LTC is done by combining higher alcohol with increased exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate and retarded fuel injection timing. The higher alcohol, along with the oxygen in the fuel reduces exhaust fumes, improves the air/fuel mixture by providing a longer ignition delay (ID), and can replace the fossil fuel like diesel (partially or whole) to allow efficient and clean combustion in CI engines. Finally, several significant findings and comments are provided regarding potential avenues for experimental research and future development. According to thorough analysis, bio-alcohols are considered to be a substitute fuel for CI engines.