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Design of a highly sensitive blood sensor based on a 2D photonic crystal L3 cavity

Sharma Puja, Medhekar Sarang

Optica Applicata

2025

Vol. 55, nr 2

157--168

In this paper, a 2D photonic crystal (PC) biosensor is proposed. The basic PC structure consists of 17×15 holes in X and Z direction over a silicon slab of refractive index (RI) equal to 3.46.The sensor structure consists of two L3 cavities created on the either side of a defect waveguide.The band diagram of the proposed structure is analyzed using plane wave expansion method (PWEM) and simulations of light propagation through the biosensor are carried out using 2D finite difference time domain method (2D-FDTDM). The parameters are optimized to obtain the best possible performance. The sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is determined by the shift in the wavelength of transmission deep as a function of RI of sensing holes. The proposed biosensor exhibits a high-quality factor (Q-factor) of 2587, with a spectral width of 0.6 nm (at the wavelength of 1552 nm) of the transmission deep. The biosensor has ultra-compact footprint of 29 μm2. Further, it shows a high figure of merit (666 RIU–1), a low detection limit (1.49×10–4 RIU), and a maximum sensitivity of 400 nm/RIU. The proposed biosensor might have potential applications in detection of many blood related diseases.

Dual resonance self-referenced refractive index sensor using 2D silicon photonic crystal cavity waveguide system

Ghosh Nilaksha, Sharma Puja, Medhekar Sarang

Optica Applicata

2024

Vol. 54, nr 4

497--509

In this work, we have designed and simulated a dual resonance self-referenced refractive index sensor using two dimensional “silicon rods in air” photonic crystal. The proposed sensor uses two wavelengths, namely sensing wavelength and the reference wavelength, to measure the change in the transmission of light with respect to the change in refractive index. It is shown that a change of refractive-index of the photonic crystal rods (in the range of 3.46–3.466) causes a significant change in transmission of the sensing wavelength, while, transmission of the reference wavelength remains almost same. This method of sensing is more efficient in gauging the impact of external factors on the results generated by the sensor. The proposed sensor exhibits a fairly high sensitivity and quality factor of 9912.85% / RIU and 708.17, respectively. The device is compact in size making it portable and hence suitable for field applications. Most of the self-referenced refractive index sensors use wavelength shift to measure different parameters but in the present paper we have used the difference of transmission between two (sensing and reference) wavelengths at a particular refractive- index to calculate the performance of the sensor.