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Effect of the application of sewage sludge compost on the content and leaching of zinc and copper from soils under agricultural use

Bowszys T., Wierzbowska J., Sternik P., Busse M. K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 1

1--7

EN

Municipal sewage sludge can be used in agriculture provided that the permissible levels of heavy metals are not exceeded in either the sewage sludge or in the top layer of soil to be amended by this substance, and that its application does not deteriorate the soil quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different forms of sewage sludge on the content of Cu and Zn in soil and in soil leachate. The study comprised 2 rotations (potato, spring barley, winter oilseed rape, winter wheat). Each series was composed of the following treatments: NPK, FYM, municipal sewage sludge composted with straw, dried and granulated municipal sewage. FYM and composted sewage were applied once in the rotation (under potato) in a dose of 10 Mg d.m. ha-1 and twice (under potato and under winter oilseed rape) in a dose of 5 Mg d.m. ha-1. In the other years (under spring barley and winter wheat), soil received only mineral fertilization. In order to evaluate the effect of the composts on the leaching of Cu and Zn from soil, a lysimetric experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. Before the experiment, the soil content of Cu was low (1.47 mg kg-1) and Zn was medium (10.11 mg kg-1). The content of copper in the composts ranged from 4.5 to 340.1 mg kg-1 d.m. and that of zinc was from 109.5 to 1310.1 mg kg-1 d.m. The composted sewage sludge significantly raised the soil content of available forms of Cu and Zn, but did not change the soil nutrient abundance class. Fertilization modified the content of the microelements in the soil leachate.

2

Using ash from incineration of municipal sewage sludge to fertilize Virginia Fanpetals

Wierzbowska J., Sienkiewicz S., Sternik P., Busse M. K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2015

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Vol. 22, nr 4

497--507

EN

The purpose of this paper was to determine the effect of ash from a sewage sludge incinerating facility on yields and mineral composition of Virginia fanpetals, and on the content of heavy metals in soil. The study was based on a pot experiment in which ash obtained from sewage sludge incineration at the Lyna Wastewater Treatment Plant was used as a substitute of mineral fertilizers. The dominant fertilizing ingredients found in the analyzed ash were phosphorus and calcium. The content of cadmium and lead was lower than the allowable concentrations of these metals in mineral fertilizers. Ash from incinerated sewage sludge did not have any substantial effect on the soil content of the mobile forms of cadmium, copper, lead and chromium. With respect to three metals, namely nickel, zinc and manganese, the medium and high doses of ash raised significantly their concentrations in soil. The rate of ash had no influence on the content of sodium and magnesium in the plants but when the highest dose of ash had been applied, the concentration of calcium in plants rose significantly. Ash modified the content of heavy metals in the plant material only very slightly.

PL

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu popiołu ze spalania osadów ściekowych na plon i skład mineralny ślazowca pensylwański oraz na zawartość metali ciężkich w glebie. Podstawę badań stanowiło doświadczenie wazonowe, w którym popiół ze spalania osadów ściekowych z oczyszczalni „Łyna” w Olsztynie był stosowany jako substytut nawozów mineralnych. W popiele tym dominującymi składnikami nawozowymi były fosfor i wapń. Zawartość kadmu i ołowiu była niższa od dopuszczalnych stężeń tych metali w nawozach mineralnych. Popiół ze spalania osadów ściekowych nie miał istotnego wpływu na zawartość w glebie z mobilnych form kadmu, miedzi, ołowiu i chromu. Średnie i wysokie dawki popiołu znacznie zwiększyły w glebie zawartość cynku, niklu i manganu. Dawki popiołu nie miał wpływu na zawartość sodu i magnezu w roślinach, natomiast największa dawka popiołu istotnie zwiększyła zawartość wapnia w roślinach. Popiół tylko nieznacznie modyfikował zawartości metali ciężkich w materiale roślinnym.

3

Effect of a Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on the Yield and Yield Structure of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)

Wierzbowska J., Bowszys T., Sternik P.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 3

295-300

EN

In the following experiment, the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and biomass structure of two forms of milk thistle has been examined. A higher yield of achenes and biomass produced by milk thistle was obtained by growing a Polish population variety than the cultivar Silma. The yield of achenes rose proportionally to the increasing rates of nitrogen. The population variety responded better than cv. Silma to the increased nitrogen fertilization rates. The highest percentage of achenes in the total biomass structure was achieved when applying 2 g N per pot.

PL

W pracy badano wpływ poziomu nawożenia azotem na plonowanie i strukturę biomasy dwóch form ostropestu plamistego. Większy plon niełupek i masy wegetatywnej ostropestu plamistego uzyskano, uprawiając wyselekcjonowaną populację krajową niż odmianę Silma. Plon niełupek wzrastał proporcjonalnie do dawek azotu. Rośliny krajowej populacji silniej reagowały na wzrost poziomu nawożenia azotem niż odmiana Silma, ponadto rośliny krajowej populacji wytwarzały więcej i bardziej dorodnych owoców niż odmiana Silma. Największy udział niełupek w strukturze biomasy uzyskano, stosując nawożenie w dawce 2 g N na wazon.