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Silicon nitride ceramics - review of structure, processing and properties

Hampshire S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2007

Vol. 24, nr 1

43-50

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to examine the development of silicon nitride and the related sialons and their processing into a range of high-grade structural ceramic materials. Design/methodology/approach: Silicon nitride is one of the major structural ceramics that possesses high flexural strength, good fracture resistance, good creep resistance and high hardness. These properties arise because of the processing route which involves liquid phase sintering and the development of microstructures in which high aspect ratio grains and intergranular glass phase lead to excellent fracture toughness and high strength. Findings: This review has examined the development of silicon nitride and the related sialons and their processing into a "family" of structural ceramic materials with high hardness, strength, fracture toughness, creep resistance and wear resistance. Practical implications: The development of knowledge of microstructure-property relationships in silicon nitride materials is outlined, particularly recent advances in understanding of the effects of grain boundary chemistry and structure on mechanical properties. Originality/value: This review should be of interest to scientists and engineers concerned with the processing and use of ceramics for engineering applications.