Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Bezpieczeństwo robót strzałowych-część III

Rawicki Zbigniew, Chowaniec Aleksander, Sołtysiak Tomasz, Mertuszka Piotr

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2023

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nr 2

2--8

EN

Based on the data presented in the article, it can be concluded that in 2021 over 46*106 kg of blasting agents were used, of which over 25*106 kg were used in open pits. Mines have increasingly been using emulsion explosives, the main advantage of which is the shortened time of blastholes charging. In 2012 emulsion explosives accounted for 53% of the total demand in Poland while in 2021 for over 84% of the total consumption. Noticeable changes can also be seen in the initiation systems. Moving away from the traditional electric detonators can be primarily seen in copper mines and open-pit mines. In 2021, over 9.85*106 detonators were used, of which 80% were non-electric detonators, while electronic detonators still account for only a small percentage of consumption. It is related to the costs of purchasing and the replacement of blasting equipment dedicated to this type of initiation systems. Despite the use of more and more modern equipment and blasting agents, the risk associated with work in the mining industry has not been eliminated. Between 1990 and 2021, out of 93 accidents related to blasting operations, the majority, i.e. 86%, took place in underground mines. In the period of transformation and mines decommissioning, as well as leaving of experienced staff, combined with insufficient training of new employees, the so-called generation gap may be observed. This also applies to people who have access to explosives. Risky behavior of employees is still the most common cause of incidents. The consequences of improper handling of blasting agents are usually tragic. The events quoted above indicate that errors made by employees most often lead to fatal accidents.

PL

W artykule dokonano analizy środków strzałowych stosowanych w zakładach górniczych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem materiałów wybuchowych emulsyjnych. Zwrócono uwagę na badanie materiałów wybuchowych wytwarzanych in-situ przez urządzenia mieszalniczo-załadowcze. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę zdarzeń związanych ze stosowaniem środków strzałowych w ruchu podziemnego zakładu górniczego.

2

Bezpieczeństwo robót strzałowych w zakładach górniczych - część 1

Rawicki Zbigniew, Borowiec Adam, Sołtysiak Tomasz

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2021

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nr 4

2--10

PL

Artykuł porusza zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa robót strzałowych i stosowania materiałów wybuchowych przeznaczonych do użytku cywilnego. Zawarto w nim podstawowe informacje dotyczące metod inicjacji detonacji, zużycia środków strzałowych w zakładach górniczych oraz opisano wybrane wypadki i niebezpieczne zdarzenia związane ze środkami strzałowymi, w tym z nieuprawnionym stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych.

EN

The development of explosives' technology allows their use for civilians, including the mining industry. In 2019, 46.71 million kg of explosives were used in the Polish mining industry, of which more than half (25.5 million kg) were used in opencast mines. From 1990 to the end of 2019, the consumption of emulsion explosives and the use of non-electric initiation systems were continuously increasing. The development of these technologies and the experience of people associated with blasting works allow for their more effective and safer use. However, the accidents related to blasting works still occur. During the analyzed period, there were 92 such accidents, in which there were 22 (out of 170) death victims. Most of the situations resulted from the so-called „human factor", mainly due to the time pressure and the failure to fulfill some basic obligations. Over 90% of the injured people were employed in underground mining plants, which indicates an increased risk in this type of mines. Despite the best security and controls, the risk of theft, loss or destruction of explosives also cannot be fully eliminated. The article describes three such events in Polish mines.

3

Bezpieczeństwo robót strzałowych w zakładach górniczych – Cz. 2

Rawicki Zbigniew, Borowiec Adam, Sołtysiak Tomasz, Sobala Jacek

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2021

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nr 10

2--9

PL

Artykuł przybliża zagadnienia związane z bezpieczeństwem robót strzałowych oraz stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych (MW) przeznaczonych do użytku cywilnego w zakładach górniczych. Poświęcono go kwestiom prawnym związanym z produkcją, transportem i przechowywaniem materiałów wybuchowych. Ponadto dokonano analizy niebezpiecznych zdarzeń związanych ze stosowaniem materiałów wybuchowych w odkrywkowych zakładach górniczych.

EN

Along with the technical progress in the area of explosive use in the civil operations, the regulations concerning to work safety also had to evolve. They regulate issue related to the transport, storage and use of explosives intended for civil use. Particularly responsible tasks related to this have been entrusted to the President of the State Mining Authority, whose main task is to approve the products for use in mining plants (also about blasting equipment) and keeping a register of explosives intended for civil use. The State Mining Authority is also a market surveillance authority for explosives used in mining. In the 2004-2020 over 1,000 explosives were registered. Equally important tasks were entrusted to the directors of district mining offices. They are related to the issuing of permits for the acquisition, storage or use of explosives. Despite technical proces the expansion of regulations that clearly define the obligations related to the conduct of blasting, there are st accidents resulting from improperly performed blasting. The dispersion of rock fragments beyond the established safety zone should be considered among the most common undesirable effects of the use of explosives in opencast mines. The reason is the incompatibility of the amount of explosives to the mining and geological conditions, as well as the lack of control of the excavation before blasting works. This proves the lack of experience as well as the disregard of the dangers by the persons performing and supervising blasting works. Consequently, it leads to an increase in the exploitation costs of the deposits.

4

Zagrożenie pyłami szkodliwymi dla zdrowia w zmechanizowanych robotach przygotowawczych

Sołtysiak Tomasz, Lebecki Kazimierz, Małachowski Marcin, Badura Henryk

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2020

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Vol.9, iss. 2

120--132

PL

Zmechanizowane, prowadzone z użyciem nowoczesnych kombajnów chodnikowych roboty przygotowawcze są przyczyną wysokich stężeń pyłów szkodliwych dla zdrowia. W artykule przedstawione są wyniki pomiarów zapylenia powietrza w typowym wyrobisku przygotowawczym.

EN

Mechanized preliminary work carried out with the use of modern heading machines is the cause of high concentrations of harmful dust. The article presents the results of air dustiness measurements in a typical development working.

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Nowoczesne metody pomiarów stężenia pyłów szkodliwych dla zdrowia w podziemnych wyrobiskach górniczych

Obracaj Dariusz, Sołtysiak Tomasz

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2020

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nr 10

2--9

PL

Artykuł opisuje przykłady nowoczesnych technik pomiaru aerozoli w środowisku pracy w aspekcie ich wykorzystywania w monitoringu zapylenia powietrza w kopalniach podziemnych. Zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki pomiarów uzyskane z różnych pyłomierzy optycznych, które umożliwiają dokładniejszą identyfikację pyłów szkodliwych dla zdrowia na stanowisku pracy.

EN

Measurements should play a key role in assessing the exposure of workers to dust harmful to health in the work environment. Considering the number of occupational diseases identified among employees related to the coal mining industry, there is still much to be done in terms of identifying dust risk as well as instantaneous dust monitoring. It is of particular importance in coal mines, where the occupational risk is constantly high. The article focuses on one of the most important problem related to the measurement of respirable dust concentration in underground mines. The most commonly used dust samplers in the mining industry are characterized and the obtained dust concentration values, measured with a dust meter in the minę, are presented. Conditions for the use of real-time dust monitoring device with an optical particie counter have been indicated. The data obtained during the measurements showed a constant dust concentration in the excavation above 10 mg/m3, as well as temporary dust concentrations exceeding 50 mg/m3 during maintenance works. The registration of the measurements enabled morę detailed identification of the hazards and that allowed to implement additional preventive measures in the mining plant.