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1 2025

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Climate change and its effects on marine food web with the concentration of pelagic fishes in the northern Arabian Sea

Kashani Imtiaz, Panhwar Sher Khan, Kachhi Kishwar Kumar

Oceanologia

2025

No. 67 (1)

Art. no. 67110

The northern Arabian Sea, a vital ecosystem that sustains a significant population through its fisheries is increasingly threatened by climate change, overharvest, and coastal pollution. To evaluate the combined effects of these pressures on fishery health, microplankton, fish bycatch, and coastal environment data were examined between 2019 and 2023 from key hotspots. Using the time-cumulated indicator (TCI) and efficiency cumulated indicator (ECI) approaches, we aimed to determine broader spectrum of energy flow in the ecosystem. The findings revealed a delicate equilibrium in the ecosystem. Although average temperatures remained stable, variations in rainfall patterns suggested potential changes in salinity and dissolved oxygen levels, signaling subtle climate change influences. Biological indicators highlighted dynamic shifts: species diversity fluctuated, suggesting community restructuring, while increased evenness implied potential ecological stabilization. The production and biomass (P/B) ratio was higher in 2019, reflecting faster biomass production compared to the slower rate observed in 2023. This instability may be attributed to environmental changes, altered species composition, and a steady increase in fishing pressure. Notably, consistent fish catches amidst relatively stable species diversity suggest complex population dynamics. In terms of energy flow and transformation, a significant rise in TCI, suggests accelerated energy transfer, likely driven by a decline in predator population. Additionally, the instability in Residence Time (RT) underscores intricate food web interactions. Our findings highlight the delicate equilibrium of the northern Arabian Sea, as revealed by the overall data and assessment. Understanding these intricate dynamics is crucial for developing effective conservation strategies and promoting sustainable fishing practices.