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The Effects of the Quality of Irrigation Water Used on Agricultural Soils in Coastal Chaouia, Morocco

Rafik Fadwa, Saber Najib, Halima Oumaima Iben, Douaik Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

50--60

EN

The Coastal Chaouia region is located south of the Casablanca city (Morocco). Since the 1970s, groundwater has been used intensively for irrigation, previously for growing citrus and currently for vegetables and forages. The increase of irrigated soils by pumping has induced environmental problems such as the degradation of groundwater quality and salt water intrusion. For these reasons, this work aimed to study the impact of the irrigation water quality upon the agricultural soils. During the study, 71 samples of well water and soil were taken to represent the whole considered area, which comprised 3 different zones (0–1.8 km, 1.8–4.5 km, and 4.5–11 km from the coast). The analyzed parameters were salinity and pH. The results showed firstly that the soil pH average values decrease for the three zones with 7.73, 7.57, and 7.52, respectively. However, the water pH averages vary from 7.24 to 7.49. For the soil electrical conductivity, it represents a light decrease moving from the nearest zone to the sea to the far one (average of 3.54, 2.66, and 2.33, respectively). A similar result is for observed water electrical conductivity with average of 6.83, 5.30, and 2.06, respectively, for the three zones. The analyses of the soil and water salinity show that both salinities decreased moving from the coast to inland. Richard and Wilcox charts have confirmed the strong mineralization and the poor quality of most of the well water which are close to the sea.

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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination Using Pollution Index, Geo-Accumulation Index, and Potential Ecological Risk Index in Agricultural Soil – A Case Study in the Coastal Area of Doukkala (Morocco)

Zaakour Fatna, Kholaiq Mariame, Khouchlaa Aya, El Mjiri Ikram, Rahimi Abdelmejid, Saber Najib

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

38--44

EN

Studies assessing the environmental risks related to metal pollution in agricultural soils are lacking in the coastal area of Doukkala, with is one of Morocco’s most agricultural regions. To overcome the shortcomings of such studies, trace element (As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) analyses were carried out at four sampling points in agricultural surface soils, a total of sixty-six surface soil samples were raised with an auger at a depth of (0–20 cm) from the study area. This study examined the classification and levels of heavy metals in agricultural soil and applied the pollution score and ecological risk index to the Doukkala coastal area (Morocco). This study used pollution indicators, a geo-accumulation index, and potential ecological risk indices to examine the distribution and quantity of heavy metals in agricultural soils in the coastal region of Doukkala (Morocco). This study provides significant information for policymakers and environmental specialists to quantify soil contamination in the coastal area of Doukkala (Morocco).

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Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study in Mohammedia Benslimane Region (Morocco)

Zaakour Fatna, Kholaiq Mariame, Khouchlaa Aya, El Mjiri Ikram, Rahimi Abdelmejid, Saber Najib

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

1--15

EN

This research aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics and heavy metal concentrations of agricultural soils used for grape and wheat production in Morocco in the Mohammedia Benslimane area. The organic matter (OM) content ranged from 0.6% to 2.93%. The degree of total nitrogen was higher in the wheat plots than in the vine plots in the Mohammedia and Benslimane regions. Total nitrogen average rates ranged from 0.04 to 0.5% and from 0.07 to 0.8% in the vine and wheat plots. These results imply that the soil was silty clay and clay texture, neutral to slightly acidic at all stations. The P2O5 concentrations were 11.15 ppm and 68.14 ppm under the vine and the wheat plots, respectively, while the potassium concentration ranged from 33.1 to 287.9 ppm and from 26.9 to 184.75 ppm under the vine and the wheat plots, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of Cd at a few stations exceeded the standard value (2 ppm), reaching 10.375 ppm. The Pb and Zn concentrations were higher in vineyard plots than in wheat plots. The Pb and Zn concentrations were 20.22 ppm and 148.60 ppm, respectively. This study reports updated information on the states of eight stations in Mohammedia and Benslimane. However, further research is necessary to determine the pollution factors in local practice crops and naturally growing plants at these stations to assess their impact on livestock and humans.