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1
Content available remote Overvoltage induced in overhead power lines by nearby lightning stroke
EN
The results of simulations of overvoltages induced in the overhead transmission line, caused by nearby lightning stroke are presented. Calculations were made using the LIOV module implemented in the EMTP-RV program. The influence of the distance of the lightning channel from the line to the overvoltages has been investigated. The results for the various lightning currents in the lightning channel have been compared.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji przepięć indukowanych w linii napowietrznej od pobliskich wyładowań atmosferycznych. Obliczenia wykonano przy użyciu modułu LIOV zaimplementowanego w programie EMTP-RV. Zbadano wpływ odległości kanału pioruna od linii oraz wpływ kształtu prądu piorunowego na kształt i wartości szczytowe indukowanych przepięć.
EN
The paper presents a system for measuring substances in human body by a combined technique: using visible light and near infrared spectroscopy. The approach is non-invasive, attenuation of radiation by tissues is evaluated. Measurement of two chemical compounds levels is described: that of glucose and of ethylic alcohol (ethanol). The presented measuring system is self-calibrating. Due to this, it is possible to measure changes of compound concentrations in different parts of body, e.g. wrist, arms or legs. The main measurement is done in infrared light (up to 1000 nm), auxiliary ones are performed in visible light (narrow band between 600-680 nm and wide spectrum from around 420 nm to 780 nm - white light). This allows for measurement not only a compound level, but also characteristic properties of tissues in place where measurement is done. Results of measurements are provided and advantages of multi-wavelength measurements discussed.
3
Content available Non-invasive blood glucose measurement
EN
The paper presents a system for measuring blood glucose level based on spectroscopy in the near infrared range. Specific features of this system are limited spectral range of measurements, and the use of visible light detector to identify the density of irradiated tissue and to correct measurement results in the infrared range. Presented are principles of measuring system construction, including measures undertaken to increase its precision and results of tests carried out using the constructed measurement system. The results are close to those obtained from a traditional meter.
EN
The prevalence of clusters with the increased morbidity rate is the area of interest among epidemiologists. Not only does the identification of clusters require collecting precise epidemiological data but it also requires the application of reliable spatial statistics techniques. The identification of atypical clusters in this article is performed using data from the Polish Registry of Congenital Malformations (PRWWR) on children with isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate; the study was carried out in the Wielkopolska Region (Greater Poland). For this purpose, Kulldorff Scan Statistics and the LISA method were used. Since each technique used in the study focuses on a slightly different aspect of spatial structure, the obtained clusters do not always completely overlap. This study presents and compares the efficiency and accuracy of these two non-standard methods of geo-static analysis in children living in the Greater Poland counties. The study has identified 5 agglomerations with an increased prevalence rate of the examined malformation, no statistically significant cluster has been detected. On the basis of the agglomerations, it was possible to compare the applicability of two statistical methods used in the study. Despite the fact that the located clusters do not always completely overlap, the study has proved similarity in qualifying particular counties for given clusters and areas outside the clusters. Taking into account its applicability and monitoring the process of spatial scanning, the Kulldorff method has occurred more universal and accurate in examining the children with congenital malformations.
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