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3 TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

3 2021

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Which radar and ECDIS functionalities do nautical officers really need in certain navigational situations?

Hochgeschurz S., Motz F., Grundmann R., Kretzer S., Thiele L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 1

73--81

Today’s navigation systems risk information overload and display clutter due to the multitude of available functionalities and information. Different navigational situations present differing challenges to the navigator, because of varying traffic or maneuvering conditions. This suggests that the need for information and functionalities on ECDIS and radar systems depends on the navigational situation, which was investigated by means of an online questionnaire. A sea voyage was divided into three situations, ranging from narrow maneuvering in port areas, to confined navigable waters, and open sea. N = 80 navigators completed the questionnaire. A compound priority measure was calculated to express the need for each functionality. Approximately half of the functionalities were prioritized in a situation dependent manner and substantially more functionalities were prioritized higher on ECDIS than on radar systems. The results have strong implications for aligning navigation systems more with user needs in the sense of a human-centered design approach.

Modelling the processes of taking over the watch from an autonomous navigation system

Hochgeschurz S., Dalinger E., Motz F.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 1

117--126

The maritime industry is striving towards increasing levels of autonomy within the field of navigation. However, fully autonomous vessel navigation requires an extraordinarily complex system. As a step towards full autonomy and to reduce system complexity, nautical officers should still be available on board to take over the watch from the autonomous system in situations, in which human intervention is required. Therefore, a highly advanced human-machine interface (HMI) is essential, which supports nautical officers in retrieving all necessary information in order to manage the takeover. The implementation of the autonomous system and introduction of an HMI creates new processes, which need to be defined. In this paper, we portray our approach to define the processes for watch handovers from the autonomous system to nautical officers by investigating current watch handover processes. Subsequently, the resulting process models are described and discussed.

Learning to swim - how operational design parameters determine the grade of autonomy of ships

Uge C., Hochgeschurz S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2021

Vol. 15 No. 3

501--509

In recent years, ideas and applications for autonomous shipping have been rapidly increasing. In most of today’s ship bridge systems decision support systems with different capabilities are installed and officers of the watch rely on them. First tests with fully and constrained autonomous ships are on the way. One of them is the B0 | BZERO project, with the aim of an autonomous 8-hour watch-free bridge, while the ship is still manned. The system’s constraints are captured in the operational design domain (ODD) defining all conditions under which the autonomous system can operate safely. We propose the definition of a preliminary ODD considering both regulatory and technical restrictions. Furthermore, we present a new way of defining the level of autonomy of a ship by using the ODD and navigational specifications.