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EN
The paper presents analyses of current research projects connected with explosive material sensors. Sensors are described assigned to X and γ radiation, optical radiation sensors, as well as detectors applied in gas chromatography, electrochemical and chemical sensors. Furthermore, neutron techniques and magnetic resonance devices were analyzed. Special attention was drawn to optoelectronic sensors of explosive devices.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu parametrów lasera wzbudzającego, układu detekcji i procedury analizy widma promieniowania plazmy oraz właściwości atmosfery i podłoża na możliwości detekcji cząsteczek materiału wybuchowego metodą spektroskopii plazmy wzbudzanej laserowo. Do analizy danych zastosowano oryginalną metodę cyfrowego przetwarzania sygnałów spektralnych wykorzystującą transformatę falkową i nadzorowany algorytm ekstrakcji informacji użytecznej do identyfikacji materiałów pochodzenia organicznego.
EN
The work presents the results of research into the influence of the spectral data processing and characteristics of substrate materials and environment parameters on the effectiveness of trace explosive detection with stand-off laser induced plasma spectroscopy. A novel method of data analysis has been developed and applied to spectral signal processing. The method makes use of the algorithm of stationary wavelet transform and supervised principal component analysis.
EN
Mathematical model of a reproduction process of average radiation power of laser and of its value transfer has been developed. Also, an algorithm for correction of the result of this process, improving metrological properties of a standard, has been formulated. The paper presents the results of theoretical tests proving correctness of the assumptions used in the model.
EN
The paper presents a project of calibration chain used in metrology of laser radiation. A method of reproduction and sequence of transfer of the units of laser radiation from primary standard to measuring instruments of these physical values are described, and uncertainties of measurement as well as fundamental inspection methods are shown. Schemes, principles of reproduction and transfer of the units of power and energy as well as basic metrological characteristics of the links of calibration chain are proposed.
EN
Periodic structures have been used in many applications of laser technology and radio engineering. They replace the transducers of radiation parameters. The methods employed for calculation of their electrodynamic properties are well known from the literature. However, complicated numerical computations are required to solve the diffraction equations in theirs general form. The paper presents the method of calculation of electrodynamical properties of a plane periodic structure for the particular case of normal wave falling. The used transformations allow to reduce the time of numerical calculations.
EN
New instrument for metrology applications in measurements of laser pulse energy is presented. Due to its parameters it can be used as a standard for unit of energy of pulse laser radiation. The instrument consists of a control unit, three different sources of laser radiation, two receivers of optical signal, and a laptop. The whole system can be easily transported enabling one to carry out measurements in situ, at customers, not only in laboratory conditions. A method of measurement used in operation of the standard is described. Main characteristics of the standard are shown. Methods of calculation of uncertainties of measurement during laser energy meters calibration by means of our standard are also presented.
EN
Analysis of properties of a diffraction grating used as a power splitter of laser radiation has been presented. Results of numerical calculations of diffraction grating characteristics as a function of their geometrical parameters, wavelength of radiation and incidence angle of the laser beam have been shown. Conclusions concerning the designs of radiation sputters have been formulated.
EN
Relations describing diffraction of E- and H-polarized electromagnetic waves from rectangular-profile diffraction grating have been formulated. The method of the analysis enables the calculation of diffraction efficiency of single-layer or multilayer gratings, in which the profile of a single period consists of an arbitrary number of perfectly conducting mutually perpendicular surfaces. An algorithm of numerical solution of the equations has been verified by comparing the results obtained by the presented method and the results obtained from the exact analytical solution.
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