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1

Concept and validation of a system for recording vibroacoustic signals of the knee joint

Karpiński Robert, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin, Jonak Józef, Krakowski Przemysław

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2024

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T. 14, nr 2

17--21

EN

Cartilage degeneration is a serious health condition in modern society, leading to problems in mobility and significant reduction in the quality of life of patients of all ages. It is mainly caused by obesity, workload, sports or trauma to the joint. Proper diagnosis is crucial to implement appropriate treatment to stop the further degeneration of the tissue. Usually the assessment is performed by using magnetic resonance. This paper describes the design and application of an alternative measurement system for vibroartography of the knee joint. The use of such device allows for fast, safe, easy and cheap assessment of joint condition, which in turn can lead to proper treatment planning. Similar portable systems can be rapidly deployed and used by entry level medical staff in hospitals, clinics or at patient’s home. The system consists of an orthosis, set of three vibroacoustic sensors, encoder for reading knee position, microcontroller with galvanic barrier and battery power and a computer for data storage and processing. The system is light, simple and portable. Data is recorded in both closed and open kinematic chains. Results show over 90% diagnostic accuracy based on the data obtained in the process of testing this device. In the future, the system will be further miniaturized and completely placed on the orthosis, leading to more portability and diagnostic merit.

PL

Zwyrodnienie chrząstki jest poważnym schorzeniem współczesnego społeczeństwa, prowadzącym do problemów w poruszaniu się i znacznego obniżenia jakości życia pacjentów w każdym wieku. Jest to spowodowane głównie otyłością, obciążeniami, sportem lub urazami stawu. Właściwa diagnoza jest kluczowa dla wdrożenia odpowiedniego leczenia, które zapobiegnie dalszej degeneracji tkanki. Zwykle ocenę przeprowadza się za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego. W artykule opisano konstrukcję i zastosowanie alternatywnego systemu pomiarowego do wibroartografii stawu kolanowego. Aplikacja takiego urządzenia pozwala na szybką, bezpieczną, łatwą i tanią ocenę stanu stawu, co z kolei może pomóc w zaplanowaniu odpowiedniego leczenia. Podobne systemy mobilne można szybko wdrożyć, ponieważ mogą być używane przez podstawowy personel medyczny w szpitalach, klinikach lub w domu pacjenta. System składa się z ortezy, zestawu trzech czujników wibroakustycznych, enkodera do odczytu pozycji stawu kolanowego, mikrokontrolera z barierą galwaniczną i zasilaniem bateryjnym oraz komputera do akwizycji, archiwizacji i przetwarzania danych. System jest lekki, prosty i przenośny. Dane są rejestrowane zarówno w zamkniętych, jak i otwartych łańcuchach kinematycznych. Wyniki wykazują ponad 90% trafności diagnostycznej na podstawie danych uzyskanych w procesie testowania tego urządzenia. W przyszłości system będzie jeszcze bardziej zminiaturyzowany i całkowicie umieszczony na ortezie, co zapewni większą przenośność i wartość diagnostyczną.

2

Application of Recurrence Quantification Analysis in the Detection of Osteoarthritis of the Knee with the Use of Vibroarthrography

Machrowska Anna, Karpiński Robert, Maciejewski Marcin, Jonak Józef, Krakowski Przemysław, Syta Arkadiusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 5

19--31

EN

Nowadays, the world is struggling with the problems of an aging society. With the increasing share of older people in the population, degenerative joint diseases are a growing problem. The result of progressive degenerative changes in joints is primarily the deterioration of the patients' quality of life and their gradual exclusion from activity and social life. The ability to effectively, non-invasively and quickly detect cases of chondromalacia of the knee joints is a challenge for modern medicine. The possibility of early detection of progressive degenerative changes allows for the appropriate selection of treatment protocols and significantly increases the chances of inhibiting the development of degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The article presents a non-invasive method for detecting degenerative changes in the knee joints based on recurrence analysis and classification using neural networks. The result of the analyzes was a classification accuracy of 91.07% in the case of MLP neural networks and 80.36% for RBF networks.

3

Comparison of selected classification methods based on machine learning as a diagnostic tool for knee joint cartilage damage based on generated vibroacoustic processes

Karpiński Robert, Krakowski Przemysław, Jonak Józef, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

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2023

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Vol. 19, no 4

136--150

EN

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common cause of disability among elderly. It can affect every joint in human body, however, it is most prevalent in hip, knee, and hand joints. Early diagnosis of cartilage lesions is essential for fast and accurate treatment, which can prolong joint function. Available diagnostic methods include conventional X-ray, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. However, those diagnostic modalities are not suitable for screening purposes. Vibroarthrography is proposed in literature as a screening method for cartilage lesions. However, exact method of signal acquisition as well as classification method is still not well established in literature. In this study, 84 patients were assessed, of whom 40 were in the control group and 44 in the study group. Cartilage status in the study group was evaluated during surgical treatment. Multilayer perceptron - MLP, radial basis function - RBF, support vector method - SVM and naive classifier – NBC were introduced in this study as classification protocols. Highest accuracy (0.893) was found when MLP was introduced, also RBF classification showed high sensitivity (0.822) and specificity (0.821). On the other hand, NBC showed lowest diagnostic accuracy reaching 0.702. In conclusion vibroarthrography presents a promising diagnostic modality for cartilage evaluation in clinical setting with the use of MLP and RBF classification methods.

4

MEMS mirror based eye tracking: simulation of the system parameter effect on the accuracy of pupil position estimation

Pomianek Mateusz, Piszczek Marek, Maciejewski Marcin

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 4

711--724

EN

Eye tracking systems are mostly video-based methods which require significant computation to achieve good accuracy. An alternative method with comparable accuracy but less computational expense is 2D microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirror scanning. However, this technology is relatively new and there are not many publications on it. The purpose of this study was to examine how individual parameters of system components can affect the accuracy of pupil position estimation. The study was conducted based on a virtual simulator. It was shown that the optimal detector field of view (FOV) depends on the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis. For a value of 1:13, the smallest errors were at 0.1°, 1.65°, 2.3°, and 2.95°. The error for the impact of the signal sampling rate above 3 kHz stabilizes at 0.065° and no longer changes its value regardless of increasing the number of samples. The error for the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis increases linearly in the range of 0.065°-0.1°up to the ratio of 1:230. Above this there is a sudden increase to the average value of 0.3°. The conducted research provides guidance in the selection of parameters for the construction of eye tracking MEMS mirror-based systems.

5

Design and evaluation of a SteamVR tracker for training applications – simulations and measurements

Maciejewski Marcin, Piszczek Marek, Pomianek Mateusz, Pałka Norbert

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2020

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Vol. 27, nr 4

601--614

EN

Virtual reality (VR) has become a realistic alternative to conventional learning methods in numerous fields including military training. Accurate and precise tracking of a user wearing a head-mounted display is necessary to achieve an immersive VR experience. The widely available SteamVR system, where licensed users can design and construct trackers optimized for a given application can be an alternative to very expensive professional motion tracking. This paper presents the complete design process of a SteamVR tracker dedicated to a shooting simulation in a VR environment. We describe the optimization and simulation of the tracker’s shape and configuration of the sensors. In the simulation phase the developed model had better parameters than its commercial counterparts. Next, the optimized prototype was constructed and configured. The dedicated and automated measuring arrangement provided experimental verification of the tracker’s performance. Tracking performance as well as the accuracy and precision of both position and orientation measurements were determined and compared with simulations, which proved that the simulation software can accurately predict selected properties of the proposed tracker.

6

Analysis of all-pass filters application to eliminate negative effects of loudness war trend

Surtel Wojciech, Maciejewski Marcin, Nowak Krzysztof Mateusz

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2020

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T. 10, nr 2

8--11

EN

In this paper the influence of all-pass filters on musical material with applied hypercompression dynamics (loudness war trend) was analyzed. These filters are characterized by shifting phase in selected frequency band of signal, not by change of their amplitude levels. Because a lot of music information is present in music tracks, the dynamic range was tested together with influence of other sound parameters like selectivity or instruments’ arrangement on scene, by running subjective tests on a group of respondents.

PL

W artykule przeanalizowana wpływ filtrów wszechprzepustowych na materiał muzyczny z zastosowaną hiperkompresją sygnału (tendencją loudness war). Filtry tego typu, charakteryzują się przesunięciem w fazie składowych częstotliwościowych, sygnału, a nie zmianą poziomu ich amplitudy. Ze względu na dużą ilość informacji w utworach muzycznych, prócz sprawdzenia zakresu dynamiki poprzez testy obiektywne, zbadano również wpływ na inne parametry dźwięku takie jak selektywność czy rozłożenie instrumentów na scenie, poprzez testy subiektywne na grupie respondentów.

7

Electrocardiogram generation software for testing of parameter extraction algorithms

Maciejewski Marcin, Maciejewska Barbara, Karpiński Robert, Krakowski Przemysław

Applied Computer Science

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2020

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Vol. 16, no 4

37--47

EN

Fast and automated ECG diagnosis is of great benefit for treatment of cardi-ovascular and other conditions. The algorithms used to extract parameters need to be precise, robust and efficient. Appropriate training and testing methods for such algorithms need to be implemented for optimal results. This paper presents a software solution for computer ECG generation and a simplified concept of testing process. All the parameters of the resulting generated signal can be tweaked and set properly. Such software can also be beneficial for training and educational use.

8

Application of acoustic signal processing methods in detecting differences between open and closed kinematic chain movement for the knee joint

Karpiński Robert, Machrowska Anna, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

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2019

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Vol. 15, no 1

36--48

EN

The paper presents results of preliminary research of analysis of signals recorded for open and closed kinematic chain in one volunteer with chondromalacia in both knees. The preliminary research was conducted in order to establish the accuracy of the proposed method and will be used for formulating further research areas. The aim of the paper is to show how FFT, recurrence plots and recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) can help in bioacoustic signals analysis.

9

Applications of modern imaging technology in orthopaedic trauma surgery

Krakowski Przemysław, Karpiński Robert, Maciejewski Marcin

Applied Computer Science

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2018

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Vol. 14, no 3

96--106

EN

Orthopaedic trauma surgery is a complex surgical speciality in which anatomy, physiology and physics are mixed. Proper diagnosing and based on that planning and performing surgery is of crucial matter. This article briefly summarizes available radiological modalities used for diagnostics and for surgical planning. It focuses on utility of rapid prototyping process in trauma surgery. Moreover, a case study in which this technique was used is described. Rapid prototyping proved its usefulness and in future it may become a modality of choice for planning complex trauma procedures.