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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2024

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The Effects of Ozonolysis on Oil Palm Fruit Mesocarp Delignification

Asyeni Asyeni Miftahul Jannah, Faizal Muhammad, Novia Novia, Widjajanti Hary

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 7

305--316

Oil palm fruit mesocarp (OPFM) is a solid by-product containing cellulose, potentially serving as a raw material for biofuel. The cellulose content of this solid by-product can be extracted through delignification. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the application of ozone for OPFM delignification to break down lignin bonds in the material. During the analysis, ozonolysis delignification was influenced by particle size, oxygen flow rate, and reaction time. Ozone flowrate analyzed using the Iodometric method. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin content of raw material and treated samples were analyzed using the α–cellulose, γ–cellulose, and the Kappa method. The results showed that by using a particle size of 100 mesh, and a flow rate of 2 Lmin-1 for 15 min, ozone degraded 42.03% lignin, 15.89% hemicellulose, and concentrated 62.85% cellulose. SEM and FTIR results showed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin from OPFM with ozonolysis delignification. Furthermore, XRD analysis showed the crystallinity degree of the high cellulose yield.

Bioethanol Fermentation from Banana Pseudostems Waste (Musa balbisiana) Pretreated with Potassium Hydroxide Microwave

Uljanah Dhika, Melwita Elda, Novia Novia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 9

1--13

Several nations are committed to developing an alternative energy source to achieve the net zero emissions (NZE) target. A typical alternative is bioethanol, which has been reported to be a renewable energy supporting the achievement of the target. Although banana pseudostem waste is often minimally utilized and discarded by the community, several studies have shown its potential to yield bioethanol due to the high cellulose content. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize bioethanol from banana pseudostem waste (Musa balbisiana) pretreated with potassium hydroxide (KOH) microwave using hydrolysis and fermentation. The effect of yeast concentrations (8%, 10%, and 12%) and fermentation times (6, 7, 8, 12, and 13 days) on the pretreated sample was also analyzed. Fermentation was carried out using enzymatic kinetic modeling with Michaelis Menten’s equations to determine the reaction rate. The results showed that the sample with 12% yeast and fermentation time of 13 days produced the highest ethanol content (41.5%). In addition, the appropriate kinetic modeling results were similar to Hanes Woolf’s linearization modeling. The 10% yeast concentration led to KM values of 1.606×10-3g mL-1 and Vmax of 6.837×10-4g mL-1h.