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Assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater using a multivariate analysis approach

Sbai Khalid, Tahri Latifa, Hafiane Fatima Zahra, Halima Oumaima Iben, Fekhaoui Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development

2024

no. 61

175--182

The current study aims to assess underground water pollution using an integrated approach that combines statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and water quality diagrams (Piper diagram, Schoeller-Berkalov diagram). A total of twenty water samples were collected from the Tiflet region in the Sebou basin and analysed for various physicochemical parameters, including temperature, pH, and heavy metal concentrations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+). The average concentrations of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the water samples were found to be 41.9, 14.8, 20.1, and 8.1 mg∙dm-3, respectively. These concentrations indicate a significant presence of heavy metals in the groundwater samples. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater in this area is heavily polluted with heavy metals and other pollutants. This finding raises concerns regarding the use of this water for irrigation and agricultural activities in the region. This suggests that these four components play a crucial role in determining the overall water quality. The distribution patterns of the metals Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+ in the well water within the study area are of particular environmental concern. It is recommended to establish a monitoring network to ensure the sustainable management of water resources in order to address this issue effectively.

The Effects of the Quality of Irrigation Water Used on Agricultural Soils in Coastal Chaouia, Morocco

Rafik Fadwa, Saber Najib, Halima Oumaima Iben, Douaik Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 2

50--60

The Coastal Chaouia region is located south of the Casablanca city (Morocco). Since the 1970s, groundwater has been used intensively for irrigation, previously for growing citrus and currently for vegetables and forages. The increase of irrigated soils by pumping has induced environmental problems such as the degradation of groundwater quality and salt water intrusion. For these reasons, this work aimed to study the impact of the irrigation water quality upon the agricultural soils. During the study, 71 samples of well water and soil were taken to represent the whole considered area, which comprised 3 different zones (0–1.8 km, 1.8–4.5 km, and 4.5–11 km from the coast). The analyzed parameters were salinity and pH. The results showed firstly that the soil pH average values decrease for the three zones with 7.73, 7.57, and 7.52, respectively. However, the water pH averages vary from 7.24 to 7.49. For the soil electrical conductivity, it represents a light decrease moving from the nearest zone to the sea to the far one (average of 3.54, 2.66, and 2.33, respectively). A similar result is for observed water electrical conductivity with average of 6.83, 5.30, and 2.06, respectively, for the three zones. The analyses of the soil and water salinity show that both salinities decreased moving from the coast to inland. Richard and Wilcox charts have confirmed the strong mineralization and the poor quality of most of the well water which are close to the sea.