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Removal of Amoxicillin from an Aqueous Solution by Activated Carbon Prepared from Biomass

Touijer Abdellah, Yahia El Habib, Saidi Mohamed, Taouil Hamid, Allaoui Mohamed, Ahmed Saïd Ibn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 9

63--79

Amoxicillin type Amox-500 is a β-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penicillin family, used to treat infections caused by bacteria. This drug has been, purified by the slow recrystallization method and characterized by RAMAN. The treatment of antibiotic-laden effluent is of interest for environmental protection, which is why the field of wastewater treatment is essential for the protection of our environment. In our research, we studied the elimination of amoxicillin as a trace pollutant in untreated wastewater discharges in an aqueous solution prepared in the laboratory, using activated carbon made from banana peel. We also showed the presence of these pharmaceutical pollutants (amoxicillin and paracetamol) in wastewater from the Dradeb area of the city of Tangier in Morocco. In this research, we took advantage of the use of activated carbon, which has been, previously treated in our laboratory for a study, which is, published [Abdellah Touijer et al, 2023]. The amount of amoxicillin adsorption is influenced by various operating parameters, and with the help of a parametric study, we have deduced the best conditions from these parameters to promote good amoxicillin adsorption yield. The amount adsorbed at equilibrium increases proportionally with amoxicillin concentration, and equilibrium is reached after the first 20 min. The maximum equilibrium amoxicillin adsorption capacity (qe) is 35 mg/g for PBC600 (banana peel carbonized at 600°C for 60 min) and PBC700 (banana peel carbonized at 700 °C for 60 min), and 25 mg/g for PBC500 (banana peel carbonized at 500 °C for 60 min). Under the following operating conditions: C0 = 20 mg/l, temperature 20±5 °C, pH=6 lower than pHpzc, adsorbent/adsorbat ratio 0.5 mg/ml, stirring time 45 min. The best adsorption efficiency was 85.2% for PBC700, 79.31% for PBC600 and 12.47% for PBC500, indicating that the amount of amoxicillin adsorbed at equilibrium is proportional to the carbonization temperature. The theoretical study of the adsorption isotherm of amoxicillin on activated carbon prepared from banana peel shows that the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models describe this adsorption phenomenon well, similar to the experimental results. Adsorption of amoxicillin follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic analysis has shown that standard enthalpy (ΔH°), standard free enthalpy (ΔG°), and free entropy (ΔS°) are negative values, allowing us to say that this adsorption process is spontaneous and favorable, meaning the decrease in disorder.

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Leachate from the Moulay Abdallah Technical Landfill Center (Morocco)

Rhoualem Faïza, El Hadiri Hassane, Oukour Nabil, Taouil Hamid, Arouyaa Khalid, Ahmed Said Ibn

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 8

241--248

The physico-chemical characterization of the leachate from the Technical Landfill Center (TLC) of Moulay Abdallah (MA) which is intended for the treatment of Household Waste (HW) and Waste Assimilated to Household Waste (HWA) as well as the elaboration of the results of the study that was carried out on the leachate from the Oum Azza (OA) Technical Landfill allowed comparing the leachate from two TLCs located in two different regions and exploited in two different ways. The parameters studied are Organic Matter (OM), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) concentration, NH4+ ion concentration, conductivity, Suspended Solids (SS), Total Phosphorus (TP) and pH. The choice of these parameters comes down to their usefulness for the sizing of the leachate purification processes (PP) of the leachates of Moroccan typology, produced by the population of a coastal city. The results of the analyses show that the leachates from the two TLCs have almost the same physico-chemical characteristics. Depending on the method of management of the leachate (storage or direct discharge to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)), the evolution over time of these characteristics differed from one TLC to the other and all of the main leachate parameters from the TLC MA have all tended to increase over the time of operation. This is in contrast to the leachate parameters from the OA TLC, which all tended to decrease.