Technological development offers a wide range of new possibilities for implementation of production processes. Continual production development is the main key to success and competitiveness improvement, labour productivity and image-building for all manufacturing companies. The article deals with designing of new workplace with implementation and utilization of automated robot for faster and safer handling of cast stock. The new layout of workplace is created in software Process Simulate.
This study investigates the selected properties of the thin Ti coating applied by activated evaporation EB PVD technique. This technique was used for the deposition of Ti thin coating onto inner surface of OKhN3 MFA steel tubes. Deposition process was carried out at temperature 200°C. Conventional type of coatings - monolayer Ti - was analyzed by standard techniques for surface status and quality assessment - coating thickness, chemical composition by EDX analysis, adhesion, hardness, roughness, and growth direction of columns at room temperature. Ti monolayer achieved roughness Ra equal from 0.42 μm to 0.47 μm. The resulting hardness was from 2 GPa to 8.5 GPa depending on the sample location inside the vacuum chamber. Placing of the coated surface also affected the direction of grain growth of Ti coating columns. The angles α of grain growth were found to be from 40° to 60°. Angle α increased two to three times more than the incidence angle β (from 12° to 28°) of evaporated Ti particles. Values of the adhesion measured along the Ti growth direction were mostly higher (up to 10%) or the same as those measured perpendicular to it.
Current developments suggest that crises are unknown, unstructured, unplanned and unexpected which requires application of systems approach to management to fathom their complexity and ambiguity. Companies are trying to adapt to internal and external changes when the speed, size and frequency of different types of changes is increasing. This article describes functions of management in crisis.
PL
Obecne wydarzenia wskazują, że kryzysy są nieznane, nieustrukturyzowane, niezaplanowane i nieoczekiwane, co wymaga zastosowania systemowego podejścia do zarządzania, aby ogarnąć ich złożoność i niejasność. Przedsiębiorstwa próbują przystosować się do wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych zmian w sytuacji, kiedy wzrasta tempo, rozmiar oraz ich częstość. Niniejszy artykuł opisuje funkcje zarządzania w warunkach kryzysu.
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