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2 2024

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Identification of strong tremor causes for appropriate rock burst prevention in a hard coal mine

Pakosz Rafał, Wojtecki Łukasz, Mendecki Maciej J., Krzyżanowska Agnieszka

Journal of Sustainable Mining

2024

Vol. 23, iss. 2

132--146

The exploitation carried out in the Bielszowice part of the Ruda Hard Coal Mine is mainly accompanied by seismic and rock burst hazards. The occurrence of high-energy tremors may be associated with many factors, e.g., fracturing of thick layers of high-strength rocks or destruction processes of a stressed and/or thick coal seam. These factors are often combined when excavating a single longwall panel. Determining the causes of strong tremors is of fundamental importance for mining and rock burst prevention. The extraction of the 004z longwall panel in the top layer of coal seam No. 504 was designed in complex geological and mining conditions. During the mining of the 004z longwall panel, strong tremors with energies of 105 J and 106 J occurred. The analysis of the focal mechanisms of these tremors using the seismic moment tensor inversion method allowed to determine the most probable causes of their occurrence. They were mainly related to the processes of fracture and slip in the thick layers of sandstone deposited in the direct or main roof of coal seam No. 504. Therefore, active rock burst prevention was aimed mainly at fracturing high-strength roof rocks.

The effects of component rotation on H/V spectra: a comparison of rotational and translational data

Nawrocki Dariusz, Mendecki Maciej J., Teper Lesław

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

2024

Vol. 50, no. 2

145--154

The presented investigation focused on site effect estimations, specifically resonance frequency and amplification. These estimations were carried out for both rotational and translational signals, using waveforms from mining-induced seismic events. Site effect parameters were calculated using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique, which is commonly applied to translational records by comparing the spectral ratio between horizontal and vertical components. In this study, we also applied the horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) ratio to rotational records. However, due to the different orientations of motion propagation, we introduced the spectral H/V ratio for rotational motion as the torsion-to-rocking spectral ratio (TRSR). Furthermore, we analyzed these signals according to two approaches. First, we estimated the site effect parameters for directly registered signals, and secondly, we considered rotated components by varying the angle from 0° to 180° in 5-degree increments. Generally, the H/V curves indicated two peaks for translational motions and four peaks for rotational motions. The averaged H/V spectra and spectra obtained for different angles of component rotation showed insignificant fluctuation in amplification values for both rotational and translational motions. However, when comparing each component’s spectrum for all angles, we observed changes in the site effect parameter values for both motion types. Radar plots depicting amplification values versus rotation angles for separated components revealed characteristic fluctuations, suggesting local anisotropy. Moreover, when comparing the radar plots between rotational and translational results, it was evident that rotational resonance frequencies shifted to higher frequency values, potentially indicating shallower geological layers as their source.