Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Consumption and Savings of Drinking Water in Selected Objects

Vaverka Igor, Jakimiuk Aleksandra, Trach Yuliia, Koda Eugeniusz, Vaverková Magdalena Daria

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 5

13--25

EN

Water is essential to the proper functioning of kindergartens and schools. Nevertheless, water consumption in public facilities is usually high, often exceeding the average household water consumption. Recently, increasing pressure on this valuable and depletable natural resource has been noticed and, therefore, it is interesting to study the water consumption in kindergartens and the possibilities of water saving. The present work examined 6 kindergarten facilities in Kyjov, Czech Republic, where the equipment has been enhanced with the faucet water saving technology. The work analyzed the impact of the equipment on the reduction of water consumption as a raw material and on the financial and economic profitability. The results were estimated based on the variation of two parameters such as average daily water consumption and demand per person. The experiment showed that installing the savers resulted in water savings ranging from 8% to 18.7% for average daily consumption and from 10.02% to 23.2% for per capita demand.

2

Comparison the Adsorption Capacity of Ukrainian Tuff and Basalt with Zeolite–Manganese Removal from Water Solution

Trach Yuliia, Tytkowska-Owerko Marta, Reczek Lidia, Michel Magdalena M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

161--168

EN

Manganese is an undesirable element in tap water but is common in the groundwater. Several methods can be used for manganese removal, including adsorption. Mined rocks are commonly evaluated as adsorbents and it was the objective of this paper – to investigate the Ukrainian volcanic tuff and basaltic rock from the Ivanodolinsky quarry and compare it with Ukrainian zeolite as well as with literature data. The research was based on equilibrated batch tests at a temperature of 10°C and slightly acidic pH. The data were treated using Langmuir and Freundlich models in the linear form. The results indicated the spontaneous and favourable adsorption of manganese. The volcanic tuff was characterized by the highest adsorption capacity, twice higher than basalt and zeolite. The heterogeneity of the active adsorption sites on the tuff was also greater and resulted from the diversity of the mineral composition. Considering the literature data, the properties of tuff are worth further research.

3

Technological Conditions for the Coagulation of Wastewater from Cosmetic Industry

Michel Magdalena M., Tytkowska Marta, Reczek Lidia, Trach Yuliia, Siwiec Tadeusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

78--85

EN

Coagulation is often used for the pre-treatment of industry wastewater, with effectiveness strictly dependent on technological conditions. This study aimed at determining what technological parameters of coagulation of cosmetic industry wastewater provide the highest efficiency of clarification. The dosages of reagents, the order of dosing, as well as the one- and two-stage processes were investigated. The samples of raw wastewater were collected from average daily effluent from a cosmetics manufacturing plant. Liquid coagulant PIX 111 (FeCl3) and NaOH as a pH-adjusting agent were used. Jar-test experiments were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) removal. The efficiency of clarification was high (90–99%) across a wide range of pH values (6–9) and coagulant doses (0.5–1.25 mL/L). What is important is that the coagulant dose of 0.56 mL/L provided 97.6% clarification efficiency without the addition of the alkali. The minimal stoichiometric excess of alkalinity for effective coagulation was 0.5 mmol/L. In all samples, the removal efficiency for TOC was lower than for turbidity, because some of the organic carbon forms were non-coagulating dissolved compounds. The wastewater from tonic and fluid production was very susceptible to coagulation. The addition of the coagulant before the alkali resulted in better wastewater treatment efficiency than the reverse order. Single-stage process with optimal doses of the reagents allowed to clarify wastewater to a level of 10 NTU. On the other hand, the two-stage process brought the turbidity down to 1 NTU level.

4

Analysis of Water Consumption in the Campus of Warsaw University of Life Sciences in Years 2012-2016

Wichowski Piotr, Rutkowska Gabriela, Kamiński Norbert, Trach Yuliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 5

193--202

EN

On the basis of the registered indications of the water meter, a study on the size and variability of water consumption on the WULS campus in the academic years 2012/16 is presented. The average specific water consumption at a time when classes are implemented amounted to 26.6 dm3 per student per day for full-time studies student and 19.7 dm3 per student per day for the student part-time studies. During the holiday season, the rates are lower at 18.4 and 11.8 dm3 per student per day, respectively. These ratios were determined without taking the water consumption in the dorms into account. The daily peaking factor amounted (Nd) to 1.36, while the hourly peaking factor (Nh), reached 1.71. Within the week cycle, the highest water consumption was observed in Tuesdays and the lowest – in Sundays. The average Tuesday demands are 40% higher than the Sunday demands. The water consumption peaks during the day occur between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. as well as 11 p.m. and 1 a.m. The hourly structure of the water distribution in the WULS-SGGW campus is similar to the weekend structure of water distribution in multi-family residential buildings, with the exception of the later occurrence of the evening summit.