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2 TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2 2023

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Naval use cases of 5G technology

Zmysłowski D., Skokowski P., Malon K., Maślanka K., Kelner J. M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2023

Vol. 17 No. 3

595--603

Fifth-generation (5G) technology is currently developing in mobile networks. The civilian 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard is the basis for this implementation. Higher throughput, network capacity, user density, and lower latency are the main advantages offered by 5G over Long Term Evolution (LTE) and older standards. For this reason, these advantages are increasingly recognized in critical mission and military solutions. However, the 5G technology utilization in military equipment requires a deep analysis of the 3GPP standard, especially regarding technological gaps, security, and use cases. This is particularly important in using communication equipment during armed conflicts. Such equipment must be characterized by greater security and reliability than civilian equipment. Currently, work and analyses in this area are realized by the European Defence Agency (EDA), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Communications and Information Agency (NCIA), Allied Command Transformation (ACT), and NATO Science and Technology Organization (STO). In the Information Systems Technology (IST) Panel of the NATO STO, the research task group (RTG) "IST-187-RTG on 5G Technologies Application to NATO Operations" is working on this topic. This paper presents exemplary 5G use cases in the navy. We indicate potential advantages, problems, and technological gaps that should be solved before implementing 5G technology in naval systems.

Anti-drone sensors, effectors, and systems –a concise overview

Zmysłowski D., Skokowski P., Kelner J. M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

2023

Vol. 17 No. 2

455--461

The dynamic development of microelectronics and wireless communication at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries contributed to the increase in the availability and popularity of all kinds of unmanned platforms, air, land, surface, and underwater. In the case of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also popularly known as drones, the significant (crucial) advantages are high freedom of motion (i.e., the ability to move in three planes) and the possibility of using it practically anywhere (as opposed to water platforms). These factors influenced the dynamic development of this market sector and the high availability of various models and equipment. UAVs are being used in many sectors and services, both for civil and military purposes. Widespread availability, low cost, and ease of use also favor the possibility of using civilian UAVs for criminal, smuggling, terrorist, or military purposes. Recent armed conflicts, e.g., in Nagorno-Karabakh or Ukraine, and the situation on the eastern Polish-Belarusian border clearly show this. All countries recognize the potential and threat posed by the development of unmanned platforms. Therefore, for several years, special attention has been paid to analyses and research in sensors, effectors, and anti-drone systems. It is worth emphasizing that some effectors (e.g., jammers or spoofers) may significantly affect the navigation process of neighboring objects that use global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs). On the other hand, the use of anti-drone systems is important, especially in the context of protecting institutions and facilities of companies, state administration (i.a., embassies, consulates), army, strategic importance objects (e.g., related to energy, chemical industry), or protection of mass events. In this paper, we present an overview of solutions available on the market and development directions in the field of anti-drone technology.