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1 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

1 2023

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Characterization of galvanized steel-low alloy steel arc stud welded joint

Abbas S. J., Alali M., Abbas M. H., Abbas W. S.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2023

Vol. 117, nr 2

79--85

Purpose This paper investigates the possibility of successfully welding a Low Alloy Steel (LAS) stud to Galvanized Steel (GS) plate. Design/methodology/approach Arc Stud Welding (ASW) was performed on joining LAS studs to GS plates. Welding parameters were selected based on weld trails. The first tests of the welded joints were based on visual inspection for welding defects such as lack of fusion and undercut welding defects. The good quality should be free of these defects and have full weld reinforcement. Other weld qualifications included torque strength test, microhardness test, and microstructure examination. Findings The LAS studs have been successfully welded to a galvanized steel plate using the arc stud welding process. Higher welding current with adjusted welding time (800 A, 0.3 s) gave full weld reinforcement, the best joint appearance, and strength. Martensite phase was detected in the weld area and heat affected zone (HAZ), affecting the joint mechanical properties. Hardness property varied across the welded joint, and maximum hardness was recorded at the HAZ at the stud side. Hardness increased with the increasing welding current. At 800 A, welding current hardness was 10% higher than at 400 and 600 A. Torque strength was affected by weld reinforcement, and 800 A gave the best weld reinforcement that produced the highest torque strength. Research limitations/implications The main research limitation is the difficulty of welding LAS studs and GS plates. In conventional welding methods, such as gas metal arc welding, it is hard to get full weld penetration due to the geometry restrictions of the joint, which results in partial weld penetration between the studs and the plates. Furthermore, the issue of zinc evaporation during welding can be reduced by the advantage of the very high welding speed (in milliseconds) of ASW that overcomes the problem of continuous welding that usually results in the formation of harmful porosities and poor weldability. Originality/value In this research, galvanized steel plates were successfully welded to LAS studs using the ASW process. The welding parameters for this dissimilar welding joint were carefully selected. Microstructure changing due to the welding process was investigated. The joint mechanical properties were evaluated.