Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Haller Piotr, Haller Agata, Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Matla Jędrzej, Sroka Zbigniew, Wróbel Radosław

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 4

123--127

EN

The development of internal combustion engines is focused at solving problems like: fulfilment with increasingly stringent requirements regarding exhaust emissions and elimination of threats to the natural environment. The subject of this thesis is to assess the impact of supplying a compression-ignition engine with hydrocarbon mixtures and to examine the impact of water on external parameters of the engine, such as smoke opacity. The main tests were carried out on a 4-cylinder VW 1.9 TDI internal combustion engine at a constant engine crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm and a variable load of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Nm. The tests were carried out using an innovative mixture of hydrated fusel oils, ethyl alcohol and ionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers, from which was made of microemulsions with a water content in diesel oil of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The tests carried out showed a beneficial effect of the water content in the diesel oil on the reduction of the average value of smoke opacity, which systematically decreases with the increase in the percentage of water in the diesel oil.

2

Team durability test of a 1.3 MW locomotive diesel engine with prototype piston rings

Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Tkaczyk Marcin

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 4

77--82

EN

Objective of this work was to realize a test of durability of railway engine EMD645 with power about 1300 kW. Within the framework of this test were investigated a prototyped piston’s rings with diamond embankment. Piston rings are made of chromium layer with including of diamond powders technology with a porous chromium coating, where in pores is deposited on said diamond powder with a grain size about 1 micron. The work will be carried out of an analysis of collaboration piston-piston rings-cylinder unit in internal combustion engine and an analysis of the use of hard materials (diamond powder) in friction pairs. During work of this unit we can observe wear of piston rings, precisely - of coating which is deposited on ring to prolong service life. After testing of the locomotive engine EMD645 on the basis of the collected results are developed conclusions of the wearing intensity on piston ring and relating them to the requirements for coatings. The work aims to show the possibilities and benefits of the application of new protective coatings on structural elements of the internal combustion engine in order to reduce their wearing, which is consistent with the observed trend of technology development.

3

Efficient, low-cost optical coupling mechanism for TiO2-SiO2 sol-gel derived slab waveguide surface grating coupler sensors

Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Słowikowski Mateusz, Pavłov Krystian, Filipiak Maciej, Vervaeke Michael, Tyszkiewicz Cuma, Ottevaere Heidi, Piramidowicz Ryszard, Karasiński Paweł

Optica Applicata

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2020

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Vol. 50, nr 4

539--549

EN

We present an optical signal coupling scheme for slab waveguide surface grating coupler sensors. The proposed solution is based on the use of polymer microlenses. In this work we analyze two types of compact polymer lenses: the aspheric plano-convex lenses and Fresnel lenses. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by the experimental investigation into the optical signal coupling to the test structure of TiO2-SiO2 slab waveguide surface grating coupler using both types of lenses.

4

A practical statistical approach to the reconstruction problem using a single slice rebinning method

Cierniak Robert, Pluta Piotr, Kaźmierczak Andrzej

Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research

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2020

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Vol. 10, No. 2

137--149

EN

The paper presented here describes a new practical approach to the reconstruction problem applied to 3D spiral x-ray tomography. The concept we propose is based on a continuous-to-continuous data model, and the reconstruction problem is formulated as a shift invariant system. This original reconstruction method is formulated taking into consideration the statistical properties of signals obtained by the 3D geometry of a CT scanner. It belongs to the class of nutating reconstruction methods and is based on the advanced single slice rebinning (ASSR) methodology. The concept shown here significantly improves the quality of the images obtained after reconstruction and decreases the complexity of the reconstruction problem in comparison with other approaches. Computer simulations have been performed, which prove that the reconstruction algorithm described here does indeed significantly outperforms conventional analytical methods in the quality of the images obtained.

5

The numerical calculation module for piston rings & cylinder and research with analysis of the results of the internal combustion engine locomotive during the 85-hour endurance test

Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Borkowska Joanna, Tkaczyk Marcin

Pojazdy Szynowe

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2019

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Nr 3

24--34

EN

The piston with piston rings and bearing surface is a self-contained and highly complex tribological system. One of the most widespread global friction pairs traversed by reciprocating a pair of piston rings - cylinder internal combustion engine. Group PRC combustion engine is the solution generating considerable friction. Various researchers estimate the share of friction losses, per node piston rings - cylinder liner, at 19 to 60% of the total friction losses in the combustion engine. This paper describes part of a larger program to reduce wear the set working parts (piston, piston ring and bearing surface). The project is implemented through the development of new designs of piston rings with anti-wear coating that contains synthetic diamond in the form of loose embedded in a coating of chromium (PRC). The aim of the author was to present the methodology used to compute characterized by a particular procedure. In practical use FEM software is used and the FVM. Developed and implemented Piston Rings Calculation Module is compatible with the idea of numerical computational methods is to say: functionally consists in carrying out a calculation of the desire to achieve the exact solution (the nearest is real) by conducting and receiving intermediate solutions (the next).

PL

Tłok wraz z pierścieniami oraz powierzchnią cylindra jest bardzo złożonym zamkniętym systemem trybologicznym. Pierścienie tłoka – cylinder jest jedną z najbardziej globalnie rozpowszechnionych par tarcia silników spalinowych. Para tarcia TPC jest rozwiązaniem wytwarzającym znaczące tarcie w silnikach spalinowych. Różne źródła naukowe określają straty na jeden węzeł spowodowane tarciem pary pierścień-ściana cylindra jako 19 do 60% wartości wszystkich strat tarcia w silniku spalinowym. W tym artykule omówiono część większego programu badawczego mającego na celu zmniejszenie zużycia pracujących elementów (tłok, pierścienie tłoka, powierzchnia cylindra). Projekt ten jest wdrażany w ramach rozwoju nowych konstrukcji pierścieni tłokowych z powłoką zapobiegającą zużyciu, zawierającą syntetyczny diament luźno zatopiony w powłoce chromu (TPC). Celem Autorów było przedstawienie metodologii stosowanej do obliczeń charakteryzującej się określoną procedurą. W praktyce wykorzystuje się oprogramowanie MES oraz MOS. Opracowany i wdrożony moduł obliczeniowy pierścieni tłokowych jest zgodny z ideą numerycznych metod obliczeniowych, to znaczy: funkcjonalnie polega na przeprowadzeniu obliczenia zamiaru uzyskania dokładnego wyniku (najbardziej zbliżonego rzeczywistości) poprzez uzyskanie i wykorzystanie wartości pośrednich.

6

Wavelet transform in vibroacoustic diagnostic of machines

Haller Piotr, Jankowski Antoni, Kaźmierczak Andrzej, Wróbel Radosław

Journal of KONES

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2019

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Vol. 26, No. 1

47--55

EN

This article discusses the use of wavelet decomposition in the diagnostics of vibrometric signals of an engine. Apart from presenting the possibility of using wavelets in diagnostics, the authors take up the subject of the applicability range of processing for stationary signals, which until now has been reserved for non-stationary signals. A unified definition of signal stationarity has been proposed, which is not based on statistics. The authors presented methods of wavelet decomposition of a vibrometric signal of combustion engine vibrations, measured with the use of LDV (Laser Doppler Vibrometry). Laser measurements allows for studying an object without 'touching' its housing. Basing on the relative velocity of engine vibrations, the authors indicate how reliable vibrations are in diagnostics. Despite higher costs, this measurement method gives better results (for specific cases) than acoustic studies. Transform – wavelet decomposition is a solution hardly ever used in machine diagnostics; it is more often applied in medicine and image recognition. The authors presented the differences that can be obtained for different levels of decomposition, and also presented the impact on the engine condition assessment through the use of filtering (windowing) the signal before decomposition.

7

Research and analysis of the results from the goniometer and tribotester using the diamond - derivating coating on piston ring

Borkowska Joanna, Kaźmierczak Andrzej

Combustion Engines

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2019

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R. 58, nr 4

147--150

EN

The elements creating friction pairs are described to be very difficult in terms of determining all optimal parameters in an unambiguous manner. The nowadays research on stability of friction pairs is focused on the surface and the top layer of surface. The main goal is find new design solutions and materials, achieving a lot of kilometers to main repair in combustion engines. The biggest structural difficulties are noticeable in friction pairs where can be observed sliding and returning motion, what is connected with sealing function. A typical example of such pair is piston ring - cylinder. Engineers work on defining an additional factor that would be able to gain the reduction of tangential force by reducing the friction coefficient in elements of friction pair. Molecular structure and nature of the bonds between the molecules presented in the material, result that the free surface energy may be such a factor, because determines the tribological properties of the material, what is reflected in the stability of the units. The work carries out of an analysis after research on the goniometer in the presence of water and diododomethane that allowed to measure wetting drops on the surface, thanks to which can be calculated surface energy. Within this work will be performed study of the energy state of the surface of piston rings with a coating including a diamond powder. After analysis on the basis of the collected measurements will be developed conclusion regarding the potential relationship between the free surface energy and wearing of the material.