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The life-cycle-assessment of combined bio- and fossil fuel blends with exhaust after-treatment in heavy-duty diesel engines

Gilpin G., Andersen O., Czerwiński J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2010

nr 172

123-131

The implementation of various international directives for the promotion of biofuels, and new exhaust after-treatment systems aim to reduce the environmental burden of the transport sector. Though what are the real environmental benefits associated with combining blended bio-and fossil diesels with modern exhaust after-treatment systems in heavy transport? This paper disseminates selected parts of a larger EEA funded project known under the acronym BIODEG, and seeks to assess the green-house-gas (GHG) emissions from the inclusion of bio-components into fuel in diesel engines with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) - and diesel particle filter (DPF). Based on existing data, and new step-test exhaust emissions data collected by the Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control (AFHB) at the University College of Biel Switzerland, life-cycle-assessment (LCA) methodology is applied to calculate the changes in greenhouse gas emissions for heavy-duty diesel engines using rape-methyl-ester (RME) biodiesel and low-sulphur-diesel (LSD) with blending ratios; B0, B7, B20, B30, and B100, and various configurations of SCR and DPF. Preliminary results indicate decreases in life-cycle GHG emissions associated with the inclusion of biodiesel; B100 representing the largest decrease. Though, relative to the individual bio- and fossil diesel blending ratios, the inclusion of SCR and DPF systems lead to increases in life-cycle GHG emissions. This is explained in that, SCR reduces the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and DPF reduces the emission of particles, both compounds without strong green-house effect. There is however GHG emissions in the production and operation phases of SCR and DPF systems. It is concluded that continued research is necessary to substantiate those "hot-spots", or areas of interest identified in this initial scanning LCA.