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1

Ecophilosophy in Modern East Asia: The Case of Hansalim in South Korea

Pak M. S., Kim J.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2016

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Vol. 11, nr 1

15--22

EN

This article is devoted to examining the relevance of ecophilosophy for sustainable development, especially in the modern East Asian context. It is framed as a response to environmental historian Mark Elvin’s claim thatallegedly ecofriendly philosophical and spiritual traditions like Daoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism had noeffect in preventing environmental degradation in the long history of preindustrial China, and also that given thishistorical precedent, ecophilosophy – or any type of ideology as such – is likely to have no relevance in the efforts toward sustainable development now under way worldwide. The article argues the necessity of examining Asian countries that are farther along in industrialization than China, and which have witnessed the emergence of powerful ecophilosophy-based movements as a reaction to industrialization and its unfortunate side-effects. In particular, the article focuses on the remarkable case of the Hansalim movement in South Korea, which has represented arguably the most comprehensive attempt yet at formulating an ecophilosophy based on the East Asian traditions which is relevant and practical for today’s world. While Hansalim’s achievements as the operator of the world’s largest community-based organic food cooperative have recently begun to gain recognition abroad, this article focuses on the ecophilosophy underlying the movement – for which food has been but a symbol – and analyzes it to be rich in implications, especially concerning the social pillar of sustainable development, localism, and the role of ecophilosophy.

PL

Artykuł podejmuje kwestię roli, jaką ekofilozofia może odegrać we wspieraniu rozwoju zrównoważonego, szczególnie w kontekście współczesnej Azji Wschodniej. To odpowiedź na twierdzenie historyka Marka Elvina, według którego pozornie prośrodowiskowe tradycje filozoficzne i duchowe, takie jak taoizm, buddyzm i konfucjonizm, nie powstrzymały degradacji środowiska w długiej przedprzemysłowej historii Chin. Co więcej, także współczesna ekofilozofia – czy jakakolwiek inna ideologia – nie wydaje się mieć związku z działaniami na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju. Tymczasem przykład krajów azjatyckich, których rozwój przemysłowy jest wolniejszy niż Chin, wskazuje na prężny rozwój silnych ruchów opartych na ekofilozofii, stanowiących reakcję na industrializację i jej niefortunne skutki uboczne. Szczególnym przypadkiem jest ruch hansalizmu z Korei Południowej, który reprezentuje bodaj najbardziej wszechstronną próbę sformułowania ekofilozofii opartej na wschodnio-azjatyckiej tradycji, która wydaje się być odpowiednią i praktyczną także dla współczesnego świata. Podczas, gdy osiągnięcia hansalizmu, jako zarządcy największej światowej kooperatywy produkującej żywność organiczną stają się coraz bardziej znane, warto skoncentrować się na założeniach ekofilozoficznych przyjętych przez ten ruch – gdzie żywność jest symbolem – i przedstawić ich liczne implikacje, szczególnie te odnoszące się do społecznego filaru rozwoju zrównoważonego, regionalizmu i roli, jaką w tym wszystkim powinna odgrywać ekofilozofia.

2

The effects of a microhole in the first convolution of a bellows with positive rotation angle on the stress behaviour

Kim J.

Engineering Transactions

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2016

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Vol. 64, iss. 4

425--432

EN

A bellows is widely used as the element of an expansion joint in various piping system. It suffers from axial movement, lateral deflection and angular rotation caused by vibration, thermal expansion, etc. A bellows absorbs regular or irregular expansion and contraction. Although a number of studies on the behaviour of these movements for a non-defective bellows have been carried out, studies on this behaviour for a bellows with defect are very few. This paper studies the effects of a micro-defect on the stress behaviour of the bellows. While the distributions of micro-defect are various, the analysis is performed for the case, in which the defect is on the first convolution what is expected to incur the maximum stress. The von Mises stress distribution for the bellows and around the hole is obtained. In addition, the relationship between lateral deflection and positive rotation angle for the von Mises stress for the bellows with microhole is also obtained.

3

Bead-on-plate weldability of Al 5052 alloy using a disk laser

Kim J., Lim S., Cho J. H., Kim C.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 28, nr 2

187-190

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the effect of the laser welding parameters of the laser focal position and beam angle on the weldability of an Al 5052 thick plate using a 4kW disk laser. Design/methodology/approach: Bead-on-plate welding was conducted on a 10mm-thick Al 5052 plate. Aspects of the bead, including the bead surface and cross sections, were evaluated with various laser welding parameters. The porosity formation was also examined in an X-ray transmission tests. Findings: Although the penetration depth decreased as the focal point moves away from the surface, the appearance of the bead improved and the porosity decreased. The weldability according to the inclination angle of the laser beam was also investigated. It was found that a forward inclination of the laser beam (when the inclination angle is an acute angle) could enhance the weldability compared with a backward inclination. Research limitations/implications: The results of the thick plate BOP welding experiments can be expanded to optimizing the Al alloy welding of thin sheets. Practical implications: It is applicable as a ground technique for the laser welding of aluminium alloy to increase the productivity and quality using the recently developed disk laser. Originality/value: The outcome of the research shows the influence of the welding parameters on weldability aspects in disk laser welding of an Al alloy.

4

Dynamic travel demand estimation using real-time traffic data

Lee S., Kim J., Lim Y., Nam D.

Archives of Transport

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2008

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Vol. 20, iss. 1-2

69-86

EN

It is often desirable to collect dynamic Origin-Destination (OD) demand in order to build effective freeway traffic management strategies. Hence, developing a practical model capable of estimating the dynamic OD demand continuously using real data from Freeway Traffic Management System (FTMS) is an attractive approach to analyze the change of traffic pattern due to the regional development. Currently, many dynamic OD estimation models have been developed but have several technical issues when applied to real systems because difficulty to capture the dynamic process and collect the relative parameters. In this paper, we propose a simple traffic flow technique that uses real traffic data collected from the vehicle detector system (VDS) to remove the difficulty of application. To increase the observability, we use the mainline and off-ramp flows derived from the proposed traffic flow technique in the error minimization objective function. The proposed dynamic OD estimation framework is evaluated using real data collected from the Seohaean Freeway in Korea and ean be applied to real system easily. Keywords: Dynamic OD Estimation Model, FTMS, Dynamic Traffic Flow Model, Genetic Algorithm.

PL

W celu opracowania efektywnych strategii zarządzania ruchem na autostradach pożądane jest zbieranie dynamicznie zmieniającego się popytu zapisanego w postaci macierzy ruchu na dojazdach do autostrady, na zjazdach z niej oraz pomiędzy dojazdami i zjazdami. Jednakże nie jest uzasadnione ekonomicznie instalowanie czytników Automatycznej Identyfikacji Pojazdów (AVI) wzdłuż całej autostrady w celu uzyskania dynamicznych danych o popycie. Dlatego interesującym podejściem jest opracowanie modelu dynamicznej estymacji macierzy ruchu, wykorzystującego dostępne dane pozyskiwane w czasie rzeczywistym poprzez system detekcji pojazdów (VDS). Ogólnie w istniejących modelach dynamicznej estymacji macierzy ruchu występują pewne problemy techniczne. Po pierwsze, problemem jest programowanie dwupoziomowe, które składa się z modułu potoków ruchu oraz modułu dynamicznej estymacji macierzy ruchu. Ze względu na niewypukły charakter programowania dwupoziomowego trudno jest uzyskiwać rozwiązania, które gwarantowałyby optimum globalne. Po drugie, występuje problem nieokreśloności. Istnieje wiele metod pozwalających na minimalizację błędu pomiędzy danymi szacunkowymi i rzeczywistymi. W celu wyeliminowania błędów występujących w modelach sformułowanych jako zadania programowania dwufazowego autorzy proponują w artykule nowy model określania potoków ruchu, wykorzystujący dane uzyskiwane w czasie rzeczywistym z systemów VDS, takie jak: natężenia ruchu, prędkość podróży, wskaźnik wykorzystania drogi. W celu poprawy dokładności dynamicznej estymacji macierzy ruchu autorzy wykorzystują natężenia ruchu na zjazdach z autostrady uzyskane za pomocą nowego modelu potoków ruchu jako dodatkowy parametr w funkcji celu minimalizującej błąd estymacji. Zaproponowane podejście do dynamicznej estymacji popytu w macierzy ruchu zweryfikowano, wykorzystując dane uzyskiwane w czasie rzeczywistym na autostradzie Seohaean w Korei.

5

Predicting Lap-Joint bead geometry in GMA welding process

Thao D., Jeong J., Kim I., Kim J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 32, nr 2

121-124

EN

Purpose: The prediction of the optimal bead geometry is an important aspect in robotic welding process. Therefore, the mathematical models that predict and control the bead geometry require to be developed. This paper focuses on investigation of the development of the simple and accuracy interaction model for prediction of bead geometry for lap joint in robotic Gas Metal Arc (GMA) welding process. Design/methodology/approach: The sequent experiment based on full factorial design has been conducted with two levels of five process parameters to obtain bead geometry using a GMA welding process. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) has efficiently been used for identifying the significance of main and interaction effects of process parameters. General linear model and regression analysis in SPSS has been employed as a guide to achieve the linear, curvilinear and interaction models. The fitting and the prediction of bead geometry given by these models were also carried out. Graphic results display the effects of process parameter and interaction effects on bead geometry. Findings: The fitting and the prediction capabilities of interaction models are reliable than the linear and curvilinear models. It was found that welding voltage, arc current, welding speed and 2-way interaction CTWD×welding angle have the large significant effects on bead geometry. Practical implications: The model should also cover a wide range of material thicknesses and be applicable for all welding position. For the automatic welding system, the data must be available in the form of mathematical equations. Originality/value: It has been realized that with the use of the developed algorithm, the prediction of optimal bead dimensions becomes much simpler to even a novice user who has no prior knowledge of the robotic GMA welding process and optimization techniques.

6

Chemical and low-expansion treatments for purifying natural graphite powder

Kim J., Kim B.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2007

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Vol. 41

37-49

EN

Fine natural graphite powder shows good properties in heat resistance, heat expansion and electric conductivity, and has been used as the materials for high-efficient secondary batteries, lubrication, etc. Graphite powder, as a high-tech material, is made through purifying and surface control processes. Developed countries produce high functional graphite powders by additional intercalation processes and sub-micronizing. This study is conducted to utilize low grade natural graphite powders as nanomaterial resources. Prior to production of the ultrafine graphite powder, studies on its pretreatments were performed. Typical acid/alkali treatments with expansion process were conducted. Expanding temperature for gasification process is set low compared to those of the traditional processes. This will make possible to give appropriate expansion ratio for effective chemical treatments and grinding processes. Expansion ratios were controlled as 20 ∼ 30% of the original volume at 200 ∼ 250 st.C, since excessive expansion of graphite powder by traditional approach at high temperature leads to a low grinding efficiency.

PL

Naturalny rozdrobniony grafit wykazuje dobrą odporność na ogrzewanie, niską rozszerzalność oraz małe przewodnictwo i jest używany do jako materiał wysoko wydajnych baterii, do smarowania, itd. Proszek grafitowy, aby mógł być zastosowany jako materiał zaawansowanych technologii, jest oczyszczany i modyfikowany powierzchniowo. Kraje rozwinięte produkują wysokiej jakości proszek grafitowy metodą interkalacji i sub-mikronowego rozdrabniania. Obecnie badania zostały przeprowadzone dla wykorzystania niskiej jakości naturalnego grafitu jako źródło nano-materiału. Dla produkcji ultradrobnego proszku grafitowego przeprowadzono badania dotyczące wstępnej modyfikacji stosując typowy proces ekspansji i modyfikacji „kwas/zasad”. Zastosowano niską temperaturę gazyfikacji w porównaniu do tradycyjnego procesu, co pozwala uzyskać odpowiedni stopień ekspansji w celu efektywnej obróbki chemicznej i rozdrabniania. Proces ekspansji prowadzono w temperaturze 200 ∼ 250 ° dla uzyskania 20 ∼ 30% wzrostu objętości ponieważ ekspansja proszku grafitowego, stosując tradycyjne podejście, tj. wysokie temperatury, prowadzi do słabej efektywności rozdrabniania.

7

Isotopic water separation using AGMD and VEMD

Kim J., Park S., Kim T.-S., Jeong D.-Y., Ko K.-H.

Nukleonika

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2004

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Vol. 49, nr 4

137-142

EN

The 18O isotopic water permeation and separation characteristics of a hydrophobic PTFE membrane using Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) and Vacuum Enhanced Membrane Distillation (VEMD) were investigated. Permeation fluxes were measured by weighing the collected membrane-permeated water vapor. 18O/16O of each water sample was analyzed by the Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS). We observed the effects of the air filled membrane pores and the temperature gradient applied to the membrane surfaces on the vapor permeation flux and the oxygen isotope separation for the first time. For both AGMD and VEMD, the permeation flux and the degree of 18O separation increased as the membrane interfacial temperature gradient increased. Even though, oxygen isotope separation and the permeation flux for VEMD is slightly higher than AGMD, the latter may be more efficient from the system's operational point of view.

8

Flows in a circular cylinder heated from rotating bottom

Kim J.

Archives of Thermodynamics

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2001

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Vol. 22, nr 1-2

11-22

EN

Problem statements are fluid flows contained in a circular cylinder with a bottom disk that is rotating and supplies heat energy into the inside of the vessel at a constant temperature. The present flow configuration shows a typical flow model due to both the rotation of solid wall and buoyant force of a hot disk. Main focus lies on the flow patterns in the meridional plane and heat transfer rate throught the walls including the end disks. In this flow, the principal balance in the interior region is characterized by the relationship between the radial temperature gradient and the vertical shear in the azimuthal velocity. As the temperature at the bottom increases, larger portions of the meridional fluid transport are long-circuit from the bottom disk to the interior region via the cylindrical wall.

9

Automatic morphometric analysis of neural cells

Kim J., Gillies D.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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1998

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Vol. 7, No. 4

693-709

EN

Studies of developing neural cells are widely used in fundamental research into the mechanisms of nervous diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. These studies nirmally require researchers to estimate the populations of different classes of cells in microscope images of either tissue or cultures. The estimation process is carried out by human visual inspection, and is time comsuming and subjective in nature. As an attack on this problem, we have been investigating the use of computer vision to classify and count the neural cells automatically. We apply various image processing techniques to reduce the neural cells in an image to a skeleton form. Then various measures such as the fractal dimension and 2nd moment are applied to classifi cells according to thier spatial growth characteristics seen during thier development. The measures are then combined using a bayesian classifier, and a decision is taken as to which class a cell belongs. Out initial studies were aimed at classifying the different development stages of the cells knowns as oligodendrocytes. The results were encouraging with better then 80% agreement between the computer analysis and human judgement.

10

A fuzzy neural network for knowledge acquisition in complex time series

Kasabov N., Kim J., Kozma R.

Control and Cybernetics

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1998

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Vol. 27, no 4

593-611

EN

A novel fuzzy neural network, called FuNN, is applied here for time-series modeling. FuNN models have several features that make them well suited to a wide range of knowledge engineering applications. These strengths include fast and accurate learning, good generalisation capabilities, excellent explanation facilities in the form of semantically meaningful fuzzy rules, and the ability to accomodate both numerical data and existing expert knowledge about the problem under consideration. We investigate the effectiveness of the proposed neuro-fuzzy hybrid architectures for manipulating the future behaviour of nonlinear dynamical systems and interpreting fuzzy if-then rules. A well-known example of Box and Jenkins is used as a benchmark time series in the proposed modelling approach and the other modelling approach. Finally, experimental results and comparisons with the other popular neuro-fuzzy inference system, namely Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are also presented.