Let A be a complex unital Banach algebra with unit 1. If a is an element of A is hermitian then we show that [...] and we give a proof of an inequality due to J. Nieto.
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Let A be a unital complex Banach algebra with unit e, and p1,... ,pn a collection of orthogonal projections with sum e. The aim of this note is to investigate the close connections of properties of a is an element of A and of (piapj) ia an element of Mn(A), where Mn(A) denotes the matrix algebra of all n x n matrices with entries in A.
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In this note we explore commutativity up to a factor ab = alfa ba for Hermitian or normal elements of a complex Banach algebra. Our results generalize results obtained for bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces.
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Let X be a complex Banach space and T a generalized Fredholm operator on X (see [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] and [7] ). In [7] we have shown that T has a Kato decomposition (Xl, X2). We say that a Kato decomposition (Xl, X2) of T is non-trivial if X2= {0}. The main result of this paper reads as follows: Let T be a generalized Fredholm operator with a non-trivial Kato decomposition. Then (i) The subspace X2 of each Kato decomposition of T is unique if and only if T has finite ascent. (ii) The subspace Xl of each Kato decomposition of T is unique if and only if T has finite descent. (iii) T has a unique Kato decomposition if and only if 0 is a pole of the resolvent (T - lambaI)-l.
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Let X be a complex Banach space and T a bounded linear operator on X. T is called a generalized Fredholm operator if T is relatively regular and if for some pseudo-inverse S of T the operator I - ST - T is Fredholm. The main result of this paper reads as follows: T is a generalized Fredholm operator if and only if T = T1 T2 , whereT1 is a Fredholm operator with jump j(Tl ) = 0 and T2 is a finite-dimensional nilpotent operator.
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In the present paper we investigate generalized Fredholm operators (see [15], t16] and [17]) on a complex Hilbert space H. The main results of this paper read as follows.
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In [4] and [5] we have investigated the following class of bounded linear operators on an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space X: (fi)g(X) = {T zawiera się L(X) : there is some S zawiera się L(X) such that TST = T and I - ST - TS is Fredholm}. In this paper we continue these investigations. We shall prove some results concerning the ascent and the descent of an operator in (fi)g (X). Furthermore, we shall prove a spectral mapping property of the generalized Fredholm spectrum.
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For an infinite-dimensional complex Banach space X let L(X) denote the set of all bounded linear operators on X. The set g(X) of generalized Fredholm operators is defined as g(X) = {T L(X) : there is some S L(X) such that TST = T and 1 - ST - TS is Fredholm}. In [6] we have investigated this class of operators. In the present paper we continue these ivestigations.
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