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Regeneration of waste hydraulic oils as a recycling method in relation to the environment

Hybská Helena, Turčániová Eszter, Krempa Martin, Timár Pavel, Štibrányi Ladislav, Rétfalvi Tamás, Mordáčová Martina

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2023

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Vol. 49, no 4

3--10

EN

The article deals with the possibilities of regenerating operating fluids, assessing the composition of new, used, and regenerated oils by evaluating their toxicity and proposing the environmentally friendly regeneration method. The focus lies on two methods of regeneration of waste operating fluids: distillation and electrostatic cleaning. Oil samples, regenerated through these methods, were analyzed using gas chromatography with mass detection. The variance in composition among new, used, and regenerated oils depends on the method of regeneration. Properties of hydrocarbons exhibiting ecotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and other effects were identified using safety data sheets and databases like Pubchem, ChemicalBook. Analyzing HLP 46 oil (samples of new, unused, used and regenerated oil) revealed that the most toxic hydrocarbons (acetane, heptacosane, nonacosane) were absent after regeneration through electrostatic cleaning. Comparing the composition of operating fluids before and after regeneration, it was established that the most environmentally favorable regeneration method is electrostatic cleaning, which maintains the original properties of the operating fluids intended for use. Operating fluids regenerated via electrostatic cleaning contain fewer toxic hydrocarbons, making them more favorable concerning human health and the environment.

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Assessment of biological degradability of the waste produced by food industry

Samešová Dagmar, Poništ Juraj, Hybská Helena, Veverková Darina

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 3

339--354

EN

Organic waste from production processes is unutilised potential for the production of energy from renewable sources. The submitted paper studies the conditions of anaerobic degradation of selected waste from food industry (diary and distillery) when biogas is produced. Both types of organic waste have low pH values. Ash form municipal incineration as a material for the treatment of pH of waste was used. Except for the pH increase during anaerobic degradation, ash also serves as a source of macroelements for inoculum microorganisms. Kinetics of anaerobic biological digestion of organic material based on the change of pressure and biogas production depending on the ash addition (change of pH) of input samples was observed. Beside these tests, degradability of the waste was assessed by limiting biologically degradable ratio, BR and specific speed of degradability, q. pH values were adjusted with different amounts of ash (0.5; 1.8; 2.7 g/g of dry matter of organic material). Results of the research confirmed that the addition of optimum amount of ash has a positive effect on anaerobic degradation of organic materials.

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Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration. Basic parameters and ecotoxicological properties

Fialová Jarmila, Hybská Helena, Mitterpach Jozef, Samešová Dagmar, Kovalíček Jozef, Surový Juraj, Martauz Peter

Environment Protection Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 45, nr 3

113--126

EN

The bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration is the most important by-product, in terms of energy recovery from municipal solid waste. Safe treatment and reuse of this bottom ash in construction materials is one of the ways of its effective use. The specific use precedes the study of the properties of the bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration. In this study, samples of bottom ash were examined via sieve analysis, basic chemical parameters, ecotoxicological property analysis and determination of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn). The sieve analyses of samples showed different contents of individual fractions. Ecotoxicological tests for acute toxicity on Daphnia magna in the raw aqueous extract showed positive results mortality of all individuals after 24 hours. The toxic effect of bottom ash was confirmed by the content of heavy metals.

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Assessment of the impact of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash used as partial cement replacement in cement mixture using bioassays

Fialová Jarmila, Hybská Helena, Samešová Dagmar, Lobotková Martina, Veverková Darina

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2019

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Vol. 45, no. 4

104--113

EN

The paper is focused on the research of ecotoxicological properties of mortar prisms produced with partial cement replacement by ash from energy recovery of municipal waste. Two types of ash were used: ash from incineration and ash from municipal waste gasification. According to the Waste Catalogue, ash is considered other waste, which is non-hazardous and nowadays it is predominantly landfilled. Negative results of standardized biotests are inevitable precondition for the use of ash for construction products. The results from both biotests (acute toxicity test on aquatic organisms Daphnia magna and growth inhibition test of higher cultivated plants Sinapis alba) confirmed suitability of cement replacement by ash from energy recovery of municipal waste. Environmental safety of produced mortar prisms is different. Recommended replacement of cement with ash, obtained from municipal waste gasification, is 10% and with ash gained from incineration is 15%. The use of this type of waste in construction industry will lead to the decrease of landfilled waste. Due to the replacement of cement with waste (from industrial branches) natural resources of raw materials used in the process of cement production are saved.