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Impact of fog on dynamic parameters of vehicles in mixed traffic

Pandit Angshuman, Budhkar Anuj Kishor

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

2025

z. 128

183--197

The impact of fog on vehicle behavior under weak-lane discipline and heterogeneous traffic – typical of Indian highways – has not been adequately explored. This study investigates vehicle dynamics under varying fog densities (visibility range: 50–1000 meters). Real-time trajectory and visibility data were extracted by a novel image processing technique from highway video footage. The analysis reveals systematic adaptations in driver behavior: in shallow fog, longitudinal speeds increase, but in dense fog, drivers exhibit more abrupt longitudinal movements, with 85th percentile acceleration and braking reaching 4 m/s². However, lateral accelerations remain below 1 m/s². This suggests that in reduced visibility, perceptual uncertainties lead to risk-prone longitudinal movements, amplifying the potential for multi-vehicle collisions. The insights from this study are directly applicable to microscopic traffic simulation models, providing values of fog-induced acceleration, deceleration, and speed values for different scenarios. For practitioners and traffic operators, the findings underline the importance of visibility-aware interventions such as dynamic speed regulation, improved road-edge delineation, and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) warnings. For drivers, the study offers evidence-based reasoning for cautious longitudinal driving and establishes the risks of overestimating visibility. Overall, this research bridges a critical gap in understanding fog-related traffic dynamics under complex driving conditions.