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Reconstruction of local environments of ancient population in a changeable river valley landscape (the middle Vychegda River, Northern Russia)

Karmanov V. N., Zaretskaya N. E., Panin A. V., Chernov A. V.

Geochronometria

2011

Vol. 38, no. 2

128-137

In river valleys, both human occupation and subsequent preservation of archaeological sites are affected by active landscape transformation caused by river lateral migration, inci-sion/aggradation cycles and changes of river hydrological regime. In the middle Vychegda River val-ley (Northern Russia), there are numerous traces of human presence since the Mesolithic. We exploit multi-disciplinary archaeological, geomorphological and geochronological approach to elucidate the environmental preferences of settlements positioning during different epochs of the Holocene. High resolution space image supplemented with data on alluvial stratigraphy derived from bank exposures and hand cores, as well as 51 radiocarbon dates were used to make the geomorphic map showing ages of floodplain/terrace segments and palaeochannels. Using this map together with sediment facial in-terpretation, position of archaeological sites was analysed in the context of local geomorphic and hy-drologic situation. The majority of archaeological sites and modern settlements are found on terraces at river banks or at oxbow lakes which were well connected to the river. Few exceptions from this rule may be explained by seasonal character of dwelling functioning, ritual burial practice or speciali-zation of settlements. Geomorphic situation was used as a background for planning further prospec-tion of different-age archaeological objects.

Radiocarbon dating of wetland meso-neolithic archaeological sites within the upper Volga and middle Vychegda

Zaretskaia N. E., Zhilin M. G., Karmanov V. N., Uspenskaya O. N.

Geochronometria

2005

Vol. 24

117-131

Wetland sites are widespread through the central and northeastern European Russia. We performed a detailed radiocarbon dating on four such sites within the Upper Volga river basin, and one site within the middle Vychegda river basin (Komi Republic). Most of the sites contain cultural layers documenting human occupation in the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. A variety of sample types were collected: archaeological (bones, bone artefacts, worked and unworked wood, charcoal, carbon residue etc.) and enclosing organic deposits (peat, gyttja, mud). We paid special attention to the stratigraphic relationship of the samples, concerning their archaeological context. Plant macrofossil analysis of organic deposits was performed towards determining their origin and depositional features. This work resulted in a chronology of full Mesolithic and early Neolithic settling within the Upper Volga area, together with new data on Neolithic settling of the Sub-Ural region.