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The effect of long-term contamination by heavy metals on community and genome alterations of Chironomidae (Diptera) in a stream with mine drainage water (southern Poland)

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Michailova P., Ilkova J., Kownacki A., Ciszewski D., Aleksander-Kwaterczak U.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 4

460--469

EN

This paper reports on studies of the effect of heavy metals on the Chironomidae that inhabit the Matylda stream, which has been contaminated for about 100 years by discharge water from a zinc and lead ore mine. Stream sediment was strongly polluted by Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. These metals did not affect the Chironomidae community but strongly changed the genome system of the Chironomidae species that inhabited the sediment. The salivary gland chromosomes of six species belonging to the two genera Chironomus and Prodiamesa are analyzed. In all species the somatic index is calculated on the basis of somatic chromosome alterations. Chironomus riparius has the highest numbers of somatic alterations and the highest somatic index — 9.67. The smallest chromosome G carries the key structures known as “Balbiani rings”, which play an important role in species development. This chromosome is very sensitive in the genome of the most studied species. The high sensitivity of the C. riparius genome is discussed in light of its DNA organization. The results show a high response of the salivary gland chromosomes to heavy metal pollution, and this makes them a valuable indicator in the assessment of water quality and detection of mutagenic agents in the aquatic environment.

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Environmental agents in Lake Łuknajno (Poland) affecting the genome of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 (Diptera, Chironomidae) - a new species of Polish fauna

Jabłońska-Barna I., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Michailova P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 2

164-172

EN

Chironomus melanotus Keyl, a new species of Polish fauna, is described on the basis of cytogenetic characteristics. It belongs to the cytocomplex thummi with the chromosome set 2n = 8, chromosome arm combinations AB CD EF G and species-specific karyotype markers. Two types (somatic and inherited) of structural chromosome rearrangements in salivary gland chromosomes were identified in the species and somatic rearrangements (heterozygous inversions, deficiencies, deletions — Somatic index — 0.54) were observed for the first time in this species. In addition to those in the mosaic state, some genome alterations — trisomy and “B” chromosome, as well as larval malformations (10.27%) were detected for a first time. The malformations and somatic structural and genome aberrations may have been caused by different stress agents in the environment. Thus, we suggest that the high spectrum of somatic rearrangements observed in C. melanotus may indicate the existence of pollution (elevated Cd and Pb concentrations) in Lake Łuknajno (the study area) and perhaps trace metals and different chemicals produced by the Chara species.

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Cytogenetic characteristic of species of the Chironomus genus (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Lake Łuknajno Biosphere Reserve (northwest Poland)

Jabłońska-Barna I., Michailova P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.2

77-81

EN

The cytotaxonomic characteristics of two species of the Chironomus genus from Lake Łuknajno (northwest Poland) were determined: Chironomus nuditarsis Strenzke, 1959 with the chromosome arm combinations of AB, CD, EF, and G (the "thummi" cytocomplex), and Camptochironomus tentans (Fabricius, 1805) with the chromosome arm combinations of AB, CF, DE, and G. A heterozygous inversion in arm F of the Chironomus nuditarsis chromosomes was detected. The polymorphism of Camptochironomus tentans as a homozygous inversion in arms A and E and a heterozygous inversion in arm F were revealed.